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1500
Animism
Animism is the belief that every object has a soul. It was the religion held by the Native Americans before the arrival of the Europeans. -
1500
Chiefs
In Nomadic societies , hunting was dominant .They represent the Tribe If an Algonquian hunter was particularly well spoken he might be chosen as the chief for the group in trading.The chief did not have any power of making decisions on his own.The Iroquois chief was a warrior. They were not rulers.They represented the group. -
1500
Cultural Consequences of the Arrival of the Europeans
The Europeans brought them tools and utensils made of iron , steel and brass. Objects became integrated into Aboriginal material culture. -
1500
Everyday Practices
The colonists adapted the “French Style” to a “Canadien - Style” including a winter coat with a hood. Shoes and clogs were abandoned in favor of moccasins. The colonists improved moccasins by waterproofing them. Most colonists wore hats with flaps or a woolen tuque.The colonists adopted Aboriginal means of travel Snowshoes ,Sleds,Canoes. They introduced native products like : Squash ,Corn and Maple syrup. Some of these things helped the Europeans survive the harsh winters -
1500
Shamanism
Presence of a shaman, an intermediary between humans and spirits. Shamans were like a priest , he tried to heal people , he would be called upon to explain a dream. -
1500
Social Relationships
The Chiefs maintained their status by being generous
The governing principle of trades was reciprocity : a gift had to be given in return for every gift received. -
Period: 1500 to
Culture and Currents of thought
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Absolutism
A political ideology by which the ruler receives their powers from God, and they are the sole ruler and representative of God on Earth. It was the way of distributing power in the colony. -
Catholicism
Catholicism is was the main religion in New France. It was a religion held by the French. Catholicism was mainly in the French Regime while the French were in control. -
Constitutional Monarchy
Under the constitutional monarchy, the following fundamental individual rights were guaranteed by law :
Sharing the power between the monarch and the people
The right to be represented in the Parliament
Habeas corpus: which granted the British subjects the right not to be detained arbitrarily or without due process also known as innocent until proven guilty, Freedom of expression, and freedom of the press. -
Nationalism
Nationalism identifies a nation as a group sharing common characteristics and with that, they belong to a nation. This went on during the revolts. French Canadians got the idea of Canadiens Nationalism, they wanted their own government and wanted to live in a french catholic nation.English Nationalism is that the English wanted the Canada to be run like a British colony. -
Republicanism
This is the ideology that people should govern themselves -
Anticlericalism
Opinion that the clergy shouldn’t be involved in political life, or censor cultural and intellectual life. -
Liberalism
This is the ideology of individuals having equal rights. -
Ultramonatism
Ultramontanism is a political and religious doctrine where the Catholic Church dominates in every way, including political power. -
capitalism
Economic system in which private companies run the economy. It benefits the rich and the poor people stay poor. Capitalism emerged with industrialization, because wealthy people opened factories and had people work there for a very low salary. This allowed for the rich to get richer and the poor to stay poor, as the wealth accumulated for the business owners. This also caused cities to divide up by socioeconomic status. -
French Canadian Nationalism
French Canadian nationalism remained survival
nationalism. Concerns about French Canadians leaving to the United States is rising The Solution is Agriculturalism : opening new regions of colonization and modernizing agriculture -
British Regime
The Conquest entailed a change of empire and transformed the social makeup of the colony , British people were immigrating. British immigration was going on and a spread of new intellectual movements . The 1837 - 1838 uprisings and the subsequent passing of the Act of Union in 1849 , enabled the Church to increase its influence over colonial society. -
Imperialism
An ideology that advocates the political, cultural, economic and/or military dominated exerted by the Mother Country on the colony. This occurred during the British Regime. With the change of empire, the English Canadians were imperialists, they believed in Great Britain exerting its control over the colony. -
Feminism and Reformism
Made up of women from the British business class and the French Canadian bourgeoisie.These women believed that as part of their duty as mothers,was to concern themselves with education and health. Reformist women therefore saw this social involvement as part of their duties.The Catholic church and the supporters of survival of nationalism weren’t alone in rejecting feminist demands
In 1922 , a petition asking the government not to grant women the right to vote was published in the newspaper. -
Socialism
Ideology against the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few. No private ownerships and against capitalism.
It was seen as a solution for capitalism. -
Communism
Wanted the end of the capitalist system and social classes by sharing everything. It was seen as a solution for capitalism. -
Fascism
Restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means.
It was seen as a solution for capitalism. -
Feminism
This was a large movement for equal rights across all genders and led to women having the right to vote -
Neoliberalism
The idea that the government should not intervene in the economy and should let it run on its own. Neoliberalism was needed to keep Quebec more competitive in the global market
