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The Crusader army of Simon IV de Montfort defeated the Catharist, Aragonese and Catalan forces of Peter II of Aragon, at Muret near Toulouse.
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Alfonso X of Castile and James I of Aragón signed the Treaty of Almizra which meant that Murcia remained part of Castile.
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Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power.
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The kingdom initially consisted of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, sovereignty over both of which was claimed by the Papacy, which granted them as a fief, the regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae ("kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica"), to King James II of Aragon in 1297.
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It was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities.
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A pogrom is a violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews.
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Ferdinand of Antequera was chosen to be the king.
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He took Naples on June 2, 1442, and transferred his court there permanently in 1443.
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The Catalan Civil War, also called the Catalonian Civil War or the War against John II, was a civil war in the Principality of Catalonia, then belonging to the Crown of Aragon, between 1462 and 1472.
