-
-
American College established in Rome by Pope Pius IX -
The pony express mail system began and the travel was over 10 days. -
The Republican Convention voted for Abraham Lincoln to be president and for Senator Hannibal Hamlin to be Vice President -
People began to build the railroad on Market Street in SF. This is important because it was one of the very first railroads built in that area. -
Lincoln is elected as the sixteenth U.S. president -
The legislature of SC called a meeting to thoroughly discuss how to succeed from the Union. -
The first Secession Convention meets in Columbia, South Carolina. -
An unsuccessful attempt to not allow slavery. -
In 1860, South Carolina officially withdraws from the United States of America -
This action ultimately led U.S. President Buchanan to be viewed as one of the worst presidents. -
Florida secedes from the Union. -
Alabama secedes from the Union. -
Georgia secedes from the Union. -
Louisiana secedes from the Union. -
Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state, being admitted as a free state. -
This battle had no casualties however, it started the Civil war -
This battle was the first organized land attack that resulted in a Union victory. There was a total of 30 casualties, 4 union and 26 confederate. -
This was the first major battle of the Civil War that resulted in a Confederate victory. -
In this battle, the confederate commander surrendered the fort along with 700 men. -
This battle was fought in VA and took place early on in the war. This battle ended with a victory for the Confederate side. -
This battle took place in Missouri. This battle had a total of 1,464 casualties. 498 Union and 966 Confederate -
This battle made people want to secure Kentucky's allegiance and loyalty to the Southern cause. There was a total of 671 casualties with 232 on the Union side and 439 for the Confederates. -
This battle took place in Tennessee and it was one of the very first important victories for the Union. -
This 5-day battle was when the Union captured the Confederate fort. This resulted in a Union Victory. -
This battle had a total of 1,308 casualties. However, despite all the lives lost the Union ended in victory. -
This battle was fought in Virginia and resulted in a Confederate defeat. -
This battle had a total of 320 casualties. After 3 gruesome weeks, Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. -
This battle started as a surprise attack on the Union forces. This was a Union Victory -
This resulted in a Union victory along with a total of 365 casualties. -
This had no casualties. This was a turning point in the war and ultimately led to the capture of the Mississippi River. -
The Union side suffered many casualties however, they were still able to win. -
This battle had well over 7,000 casualties and ended with a Confederate victory. -
In an effort to placate the slave-holding border states, Lincoln resisted the demands of radical Republicans for complete abolition. Yet some Union generals, such as General B. F. Butler, declared slaves escaping to their lines "contraband of war," not to be returned to their masters. Other generals decreed that the slaves of men rebelling against the Union were to be considered free. Congress, too, had been moving toward abolition. -
This battle resulted with a Union Victory and a total of over 6,000 casualties. -
Due to recruiting difficulties, an act was passed making all men between the ages of 20 and 45 liable to be called for military service. Service could be avoided by paying a fee or finding a substitute. The act was seen as unfair to the poor, and riots in working-class sections of New York City broke out in protest. A similar conscription act in the South provoked a similar reaction. -
This was one of the bloodiest battles in all of American history with a total over 17,000 -
Stonewall Jackson dies due to wounds, which is a major loss for the south. -
This battle set the Union up for future success after capturing Vicksburg. -
This was the final chance for the Union army to capture the Mississippi River. There was a total of 12,208 casualties. -
This was the largest cavalry battle in the history of America. -
On July 1, a chance encounter between Union and Confederate forces began the Battle of Gettysburg. In the fighting that followed, Meade had greater numbers and better defensive positions. He won the battle but failed to follow Lee as he retreated back to Virginia. Militarily, the Battle of Gettysburg was the high-water mark of the Confederacy; it is also significant because it ended Confederate hopes of formal recognition by foreign governments. -
General Rosecrans of the Union Army is captured under the Confederates in Chattanooga, Tennessee due to a Confederate victory at Chickamauga. Union forces pushed Confederate troops away from Chattanooga. The victory set the stage for General Sherman's Atlanta Campaign. -
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. -
General Grant, promoted to commander of the Union armies, planned to engage Lee's forces in Virginia until they were destroyed. North and South met and fought in an inconclusive three-day battle in the Wilderness. Lee inflicted more casualties on the Union forces than his own army incurred, but unlike Grant, he had no replacements. -
During an offensive against fortified rebels at Cold Harbour in Virginia Grant makes a huge mistake resulting in 7000 Union casualties -
Grant again attacked Confederate forces at Cold Harbor, losing over 7,000 men in twenty minutes. Although Lee suffered fewer casualties, his army never recovered from Grant's continual attacks. This was Lee's last clear victory of the war. -
Confederate General Jubal Early led his forces into Maryland to relieve the pressure on Lee's army. Early got within five miles of Washington, D.C., but on July 13, he was driven back to Virginia. -
Meade’s Army crossed the James River on transports and a 2,200-foot long pontoon bridge at Windmill Point. The Union Gen. was James St. Clair Morton, -
Democrats nominate McClellan to run for president against Lincoln -
General Sherman continued his march through Georgia to the sea. In the course of the march, he cut himself off from his source of supplies, planning for his troops to live off the land. His men cut a path 300 miles in length and 60 miles wide as they passed through Georgia, destroying factories, bridges, railroads, and public buildings. -
The Republican party nominated President Abraham Lincoln as its presidential candidate and Andrew Johnson for vice-president. The Democratic party chose General George B. McClellan for president and George Pendleton for vice-president. At one point, widespread war-weariness in the North made a victory for Lincoln seem doubtful. In addition, Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill -- requiring the majority of the electorate in each Confederate state -
In a last desperate attempt to force Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s army out of Georgia, Gen. John Bell Hood led the army of Tennessee north toward Nashville. -
Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, from 1861 until its capture by the Union in 1865.This battle had a total of 2,000 casualties. -
Abraham Lincoln signs a bill creating the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Known as the Freedmen's Bureau, this federal agency oversaw the difficult transition of African Americans from slavery to freedom. -
A Confederate counterattack, combined with Sherman's order for Mower to withdraw, ended the advance, allowing Johnston's army to retain control of their only means of supply and retreat. Johnston's men retreated across the bridge that evening, ending the battle. -
The Battle of Five Forks, on April 1, 1865, was the last major battle of the Petersburg Campaign during the American Civil War. This was a Union victory that resulted in a total of over 3,000 casualties. -
General Lee abandons both cities and moves his army west in hopes of joining Confederate forces under General Johnston in North Carolina. -
This had almost 10,000 casualties leaving Lee with only 1/4 of his army. -
Maj. Gen. George A. Custer’s division of Union cavalry captured a supply train and twenty-five guns. He then captured 3 trains’ loads of Lee's troop’s provisions and burned the trains. -
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. ... But the resulting Battle of Appomattox Court House, which lasted only a few hours, effectively brought the four-year Civil War to an end. -
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. -
Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured near Irwinville, Georgia. -
A historically black university is established in Nashville, Tennessee. -
The last issue of the abolitionist magazine The Liberator is published in Boston. -
An Act to protect all Persons in the United States in their Civil Rights and liberties, and furnish the Means of their Vindication. -
A series of racially motivated crimes were committed due to leftover tension from the Civil War. -
The United States Congress approves the minting of a nickel 5-cent coin and gets rid of the half dime. -
Changes the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven. -
Tennessee becomes the first Confederate state readmitted to the union -
The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank. -
Hopes to reconcile the Radical Republicans in Congress with the Reconstructionist policies of President Andrew Johnson. -
President Johnson formally declares Civil War over. -
The United States takes control of Midway Island. -
Nebraska becomes an official state. -
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 outlined the terms for readmission to the representation of rebel states. The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts. -
Congress passes the 2nd Reconstruction Act over President Andrew Johnson's veto -
US Congress first approves the building of the Lincoln Memorial -
The territory of Alaska purchased from the Russian Empire -
The first elevated railroad in the USA begins service in New York. The name of the train was called "Els" -
Bank of California opens its doors. -
Blacks vote for 1st time in a US state election in the South (Tennessee) -
Congress creates 1st all-black university, Howard U in Washington, D.C. -
US Congress commission looks into the "impeachment" of President Andrew Johnson. This later went into effect in 1868.