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Cicil War and Reconstruction
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Lincoln Calls for Amry!
Congress authorizes 500,000 men -
Abreham Lincoln Elected President
Somehow, he won by the hairs on the chinny, chin chin. I personally think that the only reason he won, faced with the major opinion against him, is becuase the South was so divided and that he was such a smooth talker. Either way, he was the man for the job. -
South Carolina First to Secede!
First state to officially secede from Union -
Mississippi Secession
2nd State to Secede -
Florida Secession
3rd State to Secede -
Alabama Secession
4th State from Union -
Georgia Secession!
5th State from Union -
Louisiana Secession
6th State to Leave Union -
Texas Secession
7th State to Leave Union -
Lincoln Inauguration
Became the 16th President of the United States. In his speech, he gives a warning to the South, and that he will not tolerate secession. -
Confederate Constitution Signed
The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is signed in Montgomery, Alabama -
South Rebels! Civil War Starts!
Fort Sumter was running out of supplies, and Lincoln told the South that they wouldn't fire unless fired upon as they restocke. However, the South 'DID' fire on them. Lincoln responded by rallying 75,000 volunteers to put down the Southern Rebellion. That basically started the Civil War. Union Surender after two day of bombardment -
Viginia Secession
8th State to leave Union -
Arkansas Secession
9th State to leave Union -
Tennessee Secession
10th State to Leave Union -
North Carolina Secession
11th State to Leave Union -
Confederate Vicotory! Battle of Bull Run.
Near Manassas, Viginia. 35,000 Union soldiers marched from DC to strike back against the Confederacy. Thomas Jackson, Confederate General, earned his name 'Stonewall' becauyse he broke the Hunion right flank, sending the Union into retreat. The withdrawal is hampered by the large numbers of spectators who are there to see the battle. -
Moniter v. Merrimack
The Confederate ironclad USS Merrimack battles the Union ironclad USS Monitor in Chesapeake Bay. The battle is a draw, but it makes wooden ships obsolete and ushers in the era of steal warships, changing naval warfare forever. -
In Command!
Robert E. Lee takes command of the Amry of North Viginia -
Second Battle of Bull RUn
The Second Battle of Bull Run is a resounding victory for Confederate General Stonewall Jackson. Union General John Pope is blamed for the loss and is relieved of his duties after the battle. -
McClellan Victory for the Union!
The Battle of Antietam took place in Sharpsburge, Maryland by Antietam Creek. It was the first battle to take place on Union soil, and it is the bloodiest battle so far, with 22,717 dead. Robert E. Lee vs. George McClellan's army. In the end, General Lee was forced to retreat, and McClellan allowed them to retreat. However, because of his soft hearted ideals, Lincoln kicked McClellan was removed of his position. -
Emancipation Proclamation
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Military Draft
Congress enacts the first draft in American history, requiring every man to serve in the army unless he can furnish a substitute or pay the government $300. These escape provisions are wildly unpopular with workers and recent immigrants, and lead to draft riots in New York and other northern cities. -
Lincoln Assassinated!
Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. -
Chancellorsville
Over the course of three days, General Robert E. Lee divides his army in the face of a larger enemy, and manages to defeat the Union Army led by "Fighting" Joe Hooker. The North suffers 17,000 casualties, the South 13,000. -
Stonewall Jackson Dies!
Confederate General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson dies from wounds sustained when he was mistakenly shot by his own troops at Chancellorsville. -
Seige of Vicsburg
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Gettysburg
From July 1 to July 4, the Union Army under General Meade defeats Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. One of the bloodiest battles of the war, Gettysburg is a turning point, and marks the farthest advance of the Confederate Army into northern territory. -
Pickett's Charge
On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee orders General George Pickett to assault entrenched Union positions. In what would become known as "Pickett's Charge," More than half of the 12,000 Confederate soldiers who participate in the charge are slaughtered as they walk slowly across a 3/4-mile field into a hail of gunfire. -
Battle of Chickamauga
Union General William Rosecrans is defeated by Confederate General Braxton Bragg at the Battle of Chickamauga, in Tennessee. -
Gettysburg Adresss
President Lincoln delivers the two-minute Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the National Cemetery at the battlefield in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. -
10 Percent Plan
Lincoln issues a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which comes to be known as his 10 Percent Plan. -
Grant Takes Command
Lincoln appoints Ulysses S. Grant commander of all Union armies, ending his long search for a decent general to command northern forces. General William T. Sherman takes over as commander in the West. -
13th Amendment Passes Senate!
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Wade David Bill
Republicans in Congress propose the Wade Davis Bill as an alternative to Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan. Lincoln pocket-vetoes it. -
Military Gives 40 Acres
General William T. Sherman issues Special Field Order 15, setting aside confiscated plantation land in the Sea Islands and along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia for black families to settle in 40-acre plots. Some 40,000 freedmen and women are living on the land by June. -
13th Amendment Passes House!
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Andrew Johnson Elected President
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Lincoln Reallected
Lincoln is sworn in for his second term as President of the United States. -
Lee Surrenders
General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant in a farmhouse in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The war is over. -
Johnston Surrenders
General Joe Johnston, leading the largest Confederate Army still in existence, surrenders in North Carolina. -
Presidential Reconstruction
President Johnson announces his plan of Presidential Reconstruction (1865-7). -
Pardon's Issued
Johnson's strict pardon policy has been abandoned; wealthy planters are quickly brought back into the union. By September, hundreds of pardons were being issued in a single day—some 13,000 in all. -
Black Codes
Southern legislatures begin drafting "Black Codes" to re-establish white supremacy. -
Sherman's March! Looking up for Union!
Union General William Sherman led 60,00 soldiers across a span of 285 miles across the South. Their mission was to frighten the people, demoralize, and to detroy supplies. There was three Campains on the one march. During the Atlanta Campaign, Lincoln had a speech there for reallection-the soldiers scarred everyone into voting for him. The Savanah Campaign was next, followed by the more violent Carolina Campaign, even though violence against civilians was stictly forbidden. -
End of Reconstruction
President Johnson declares the reconstruction process complete. Outraged, Radical Republicans in Congress refuse to recognize new governments in southern states. -
13 Amendment Adopted
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Ku Klux Klan
An organization primarily composed of Confederate Army veterans founds the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), a terrorist group formed to intimidate blacks and other ethnic and religious minorities. It first meets in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Klan is the first of many secret terrorist organizations organized in the South for the purpose of reestablishing white authority. -
Douglass Meet Jognson
A black delegation led by Frederick Douglass meets with President Andrew Johnson at the White House to advocate black suffrage. The president expresses his opposition, and the meeting ends in controversy. -
Civil Rights Bill
Congress passes the Civil Rights Bill over Johnson's veto. Johnson objects to the Bill on the grounds that blacks did not deserve to become citizens, and that doing so would discriminate against the white race. He also thought that both the Civil Rights Bill and the Freedmen's Bureau Bill would centralize power at the federal level, thus depriving states of the authority to govern their own affairs (a typical prewar philosophy of government). -
Racial Violnce Rages
Racial violence rages in Memphis, Tennessee for three days as whites assault blacks on the streets. In the aftermath, 48 people, nearly all black, are dead, and hundreds of black homes, churches, and schools have been pillaged or burned. Many more are injured. -
Third Freedman Bill
Congress passes a third Freedman's Bureau bill, overriding another veto. -
Tennessee Returns to Union
1st State to return to the Union -
New Orleans Riots
Riots and a race massacre break out in New Orleans, Louisiana. A white mob attacks blacks and Radical Republicans attending a black suffrage convention, killing 40 people. -
Presidential Reconstruction Begins
RANGEEND_PRESIDENTIAL_RECONSTRUCTION Republicans win well over a two-thirds majority in the House of Representatives and the Senate; the election is seen as a popular referendum on the widening divide between Johnson and the Radicals. -
Black Men Vote in DC
Overriding President Johnson's veto, Congress grants black male citizens in the District of Columbia the right to vote. -
Radical Reconstruction Acts
Congress passes the first series of Reconstruction Acts (Military, Command of the Army, and Tenure of Office). Congressional, or "Radical" Reconstruction commences. -
Seward's Folly
The U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (1.9¢ per acre); this is dubbed a foolish purchase at the time, named "Seward's Folly" after the Secretary of State (William Henry Seward) who negotiated it. -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
All states originally readmitted under revious systems (except for Tennessee) were rejected They were divided into 5 military districts -
Third Reconstruction Act
Congress passes the Third Reconstruction Act. Registrars are directed to go beyond the loyalty oath by determining the eligibility of each person who wants to take it; district commanders are authorized to re-take control by replacing the preexisting state officeholders. -
Congress Removes Court Power
Congress removes from the Supreme Court the power to review cases under the Habeas Corpus Act of the previous year (constitutionally, the legislative branch can determine the jurisdiction of the Court). -
Johnson Avoids Removal
President Andrew Johnson avoids removal from office by one vote (35-19) in the Senate. He will not get the Democratic nomination in the upcoming presidential election. -
Arkansas Returns
Arkansas is readmitted to the Union. -
Southern States Readmitted
Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina are readmitted to the Union. -
Alabama Readmitted
Alabama returns to Union -
14th Amendment Ratified
The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified: no more three-fifths compromise in the Constitution and creates a new federal category of citizenship. I think it's one of the more important Amendments we've made so far. -
Black Officials Ousted
Black elected officials are ousted from the Georgia state legislature; "The Negro is unfit to rule the State," the Atlanta Constitution declares. The black legislators appeal to President Grant to intervene to get them readmitted, which takes a year. -
Opelousas Massacre
The Opelousas Massacre in Louisiana. An estimated 200 to 300 black Americans are killed. -
Ulysses S. Grant Elected President
The main reason he even won, was because of the war efforts. He wasn't that great of a president, at least, not in my opinion. -
Texas v. White
In its 5-3 Texas v. White decision, the U.S. Supreme Court finds Radical Reconstruction constitutional, stating that secession from the Union is illegal. -
First Black to Haiti
Ebenezer Don Carlos Bassett is appointed minister to Haiti—the first black American diplomat and the first black American presidential appointment. For many years into the future, both Democratic and Republican administrations will follow a tradition of appointing African-Americans as ministers to Haiti and Liberia. -
South School Progress
By year's end, the Freedmen's Bureau tallies nearly 3,000 schools, serving over 150,000 students, in the South; the first public school system in the South outside of North Carolina. -
Viginia Readmitted
Virginia returns to the Union -
Mississippi Returns
Mississippi returns to Union -
15th Amendment Ratified
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified: universal male suffrage is now the law of the land. -
Texas Readmitted
Texas returns to the Union -
Department of Justice
Congress creates the Department of Justice. -
Georgia Readmitted
Georgia is the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union. -
Joseph Rainey
Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina takes his seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, becoming the first black congressman. -
Ku Klux Klan Act
Congress passes the Ku Klux Klan Act, a more far-reaching reform than the Enforcement Acts. This is the first time that specific crimes committed by individuals are deemed punishable by federal law. -
Enforcement Acts
The first of the Enforcement Acts are passed in response to KKK violence. -
Amnesty Act
Grant signs the Amnesty Act, although the final legislation is less generous than he had wanted. Now only a few hundred former Confederates are excluded from political privileges. -
Credit Mobilier Scandal
The New York Sun charges that Vice President Schuyler Colfax, vice-presidential nominee Henry Wilson, James Garfield, and other prominent politicians are involved in the operations of the Crédit Mobilier, a corporation established by the promoters of the Union Pacific railroad to siphon off the profits of transcontinental railroad construction. Ultimately, two congressmen will be censured for their part in the swindle and many other politicians will be damaged in reputation. -
Grant Reelcetion
Reelection of Ulysses S. Grant with a landslide victory. Grant invites black people to the inaugural ball for the first time in American history. -
Panic of 1870
Financial panic and depression follow the failure of the Philadelphia investment house owned by Jay Cooke, who had helped finance the Union war effort by selling federal bonds to farmers and workers. Of the country's 364 railroads, 89 will go bankrupt. Some 18,000 businesses will fail in the next two years. -
Bruce Takes Seat
The first African-American to serve a full term as senator, Blanche Kelso Bruce (Republican) of Mississippi takes his seat in the United States Senate. Not until 1969 would another black American begin a Senate term. He was only half black, his mother a slave, and his father a free white plantation owner. You have to wonder how great he had to be, to actually get that. (Or, if it was just a political move...) -
Whisky Ring Scandal
The Whisky Ring scandal is exposed; a group of public officials and liquor distillers have defrauded the federal government of millions by bribing liquor tax collectors. Orville E. Babcock, Grant's private secretary, was involved in the scandal and only acquitted through the personal intervention of the president. -
South Carolina Riots
A summer of race riots and terrorism directed at blacks in South Carolina. Grant sent troops to restore order. -
Clinton Massacre
More than twenty black Americans are killed in a massacre in Clinton, Mississippi. -
Jim Crow Laws
Pretty much, I'd say this is the reason racism got as bad as it did, or at least, stayed around as long as it did, and bad as it did. It pretty much established white supremicy, just like it had always been. Blacks had no rights, what so ever. EX:
Education: No African American or racially mixed citizen would be allowed to attend any public education building aside from the one reserved for "colored persons." -
Hayes Wins Election
Republican Rutherford B. Hayes is the winner of the 1876 presidential election over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, even though Tilden won the popular vote. This seems to be a common theme in these elections...
