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1490
Amerigo Vespucci wrote letters about his journey to South America and because of that it is called ¨America¨.
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1492
Columbus arrived to America
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First English Settlement
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Out of a total of 197 Englishmen who had landed in Virginia, only 53 were still alive.
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Military governors ran Virginia like a prison camp.
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The first load of Virginia tobacco was shipped to England.
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House of Burgesses was set up.
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A ship with twenty black Africans arrived. Slavery began.
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A small group of English men and women called ¨Pilgrims¨ arrived and sailed across the Pacific Ocean to find religious freedom.
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The English captured New Amsterdam from the Dutch and re-named it New York.
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William Penn founded Pennsylvania.
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the first ship with slaves arrived to America
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Georgia was founded.
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French and Indian War.
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The war was ended by the Peace of Paris.
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The Royal Proclamation.
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Sugar Act.
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Stamp Act and Stamp Act Congress
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Intolerable Acts and Stamp Act Congress.
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Philadelphia became the largest city in America.
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Boston Tea Party.
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700 British soldiers marched silently out of Boston to seize weapons and ammunition that the rebellious colonist had stores in Concord.
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First shots had been fired in what was to become the American War of Independence.
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Second Continental Congress.
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British captured New York city.
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The declaration of Independence of the United States of America.
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Americans trapped a British army; they marched their prisioners to Boston and sent back to Engalnd.
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French King Louis XVI signed an Alliance with the Americans.
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George Washington lead a combined American and French army sorrounded English troops in Virginia.
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Articles of Confederation
States had agreed to work together in a national Congress to which each state sent representatives. -
Treaty of Paris.
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Constitutional Convention
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Constitution of the United States
it went effective in 1789. -
Northwest Ordinance
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George Washington: first elected president of the U.S.
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Samuel Slater took the Industrial Revolution to America
He memorized the plans of the cotton spinning machines. He opened a mill with Moses Brown in Rhode Island.
This turned the Northeast into a manufacturing region. -
The first factory opened in the US
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Bill of rights
Ten amendments which were added to the Constitution. -
Eli Whitney: invented the cotton engine (gin for short)
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"Whiskey Rebellion"
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Lousiana belonged to France
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Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States
He needed money to go to war with Britain -
Period: to
Britain and France were at War
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Russia, Spain, Britain and the United States claimed to own Oregon
Russia owned Alaska, and Spain ruled California. -
Congress banned slave ships coming from Africa
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1.2 millon of people in the US were slaves
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The War of 1812
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Treaty of peace in Europe signed by the United states and Britain
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The Missouri Compromise
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Indian Removal Act
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John C. Calhoun "State's rights doctrine
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Period: to
Britain had more settlements and trading posts in Oregon than the United States
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Texans rebelled against Mexican rule
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the Battle of San Jacinto
it made Texas an independent Republic -
"The Trail of Tears"
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The Oregon fever
People setting off for the West -
Texas became part of the US
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the US agreed to divide Oregon with Britain
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The US at war with Mexico
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Period: to
War with Mexico
The War was ended by a peace treaty which forced Mexico to hand over enormous stretches of its territory to the US -
Congress decided that Califronia was admitted to the US as a free state
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People in Utah and New Mexico could decide whether to own slaves or not
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The Fugitive Slave Act
this angered Northerns -
Congress ended the Missouri Compromise.
(letting KAnsas decide about slaves) -
Slave Dred Scott had been taken by its owner to live in a free state
Dred asked to Supreme Court to declare that he was legally free, but the Court refused -
Abraham Lincoln (republican) was elected president of the US
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Secession.
11 southern states announced that they were now an independent nation: The Confederate States of America.
CONFEDERACY: Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Mississippi, Virginia, Texas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, along with the provisional governments of Maryland, Kentuky, and Missouri. -
Confederate forces opened fire in Fort Sumter, South Carolina
which was occupied by the U. THIS MARKED THE BEGGINING OF THE WAR. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
it was passed by Lincoln and declared that all slaves living in the Cofnederacy were to make free. THIS CHANGED THE FOCUS OF THE WAR FROM SECESSION TO PROTECTING SLAVERY. -
The Union captured New Orleans (Lousiana)
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The Union captured Vicksburg (Mississippi)
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Confederate forces marched into Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
but they found the Union blocking their way. Union forces won and the Confederacy would never recover from this defeat. This was the biggest battle ever fought in the US. -
The Union marched into Georgia, and occupied Savannah.
Then they marched to North and South Carolina, burning and destroying everything they encountered in the way. They wanted to reach Richmond, Virginia (the Confederacy’s capital). -
The Confederacy surrendered in Appomattox.
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13th Amendment: abolished slavery
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Black Codes
These codes didn’t allow black people to access education, land or jobs. White people also refused black people the right to vote. -
President Lincoln was assassinated in Washington
He was succeeded by Andrew Johnson, his vice president. -
Congress passed the Civil Rights Act,
it set up an organization called The Freedmen's Bureau -
Congress introduced the 14th Amendment to the Constitution
it gave blacks full rights of citizenship, including the right to vote.
All the former Confederate states except Tennessee refused to accept it. -
Congress passed the Reconstruction Act
This placed all white governments in the South under military rule. They would be able to elect their government again only if they accepted the 14th Amendment. -
The Ku Klux Klan
White southerners organized terrorist groups -
All southern states had “Reconstruction” governments.
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Only three states had Reconstruction governments.
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Segregation (made legal by a 1896 Supreme Court ruling)
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Segregation was overturned
