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Plessy vs, Ferguson
Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow Car. It was brought before Judge John Ferguson in New Orleans and was upheld. US Supreme Court upheld States decision under "separate but equal." -
NAACP
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Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
This was a landmark case that overturned Plessy vs Ferguson. The US Supreme Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" which means that the White schooling is more kept up, clean, and all the funding goes to the white schooling.
-Thurgood Marshall -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A boycott where African American refused to the segregated seating on public buses. Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man. Rosa Parks was arrested and fined. The US Supreme Court finally ordered Montgomery to integrate their bus system. One of the leaders of the boycott was a young pastor named Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. were both involved in this event. -
De jure VS. De Facto Segregation
De facto segregation was an (impractice) laws were passed but white citizens did not follow the new law. De jure is the law that people are supposed to follow. An example of a De Facto law is; In 1957 Emmett Till was murdered for flirting with a white women. -
Little Rock School Integration
At Little Rock High School 9 black male, and female students enrolled. In 1954 ruled that segregation is unconstitutional. By 1957 they stared their first class behind armed army troops to make sure they get into school without anyone harassing them. -
The Sit-Ins
February 1, 1960 in Greensboro North Carolina at a Woolworth's lunch counter a four African American College students requested to be served. The students were refused service. They sat quietly and patiently waiting to be served and refused to leave. This was the beginning of Civil Rights Sit In, -
Freedom Rides
May 4, 1961 7 blacks and 6 whites set out on a bus trip from Washington to New Orleans. The bus trip was sponsored by CORE (Congress of Racial Equality). Along the route they encountered angry people. In Birmingham Alabama there was alot of violence. Martin Luther King led a service in Birmingham. -
March On Birmingham, Alabama
Project C more lunch counter sit-ins, more marches at city halls, and boycotts on merchants downtown to protest the racial segregation laws. The police got violent with the peaceful protests, dogs fighting, high pressure hoses they sprayed at innocent civilians, and police beating them with their batons and hands. President Kennedy said "This is the beginning of the end" The March on Birmingham ham Alabama is the turning point in the civil rights movement.
-Martin Luther King JR was involved -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was for jobs and freedom. There was 200,00 to 300,00 people in attendance. The March was held so that people would understand the struggles and challenges of African Americans.The March ended with Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech.
-This represents Thoreau because he did the same things as Martin Luther King JR, but just earlier in time.
-Randolph was a principal organizer on the march on Washington. -
24th Ammendment
It abolished the poll tax for all federal elections. -
March From Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
The demonstrates were marching for fairness and voting. When the African American protesters tried to cross the bridge to Montgomery the police were there to stop them, so they fought also known as "bloody Sunday".
-Martin Luther King JR was involved and walked with the peace makers.
-Gandhi would be well represented in this because he stressed non violent civil disobedience -
Voting Rights Act
This Act allowed African American citizens to vote to the same extent as Caucasian citizen. It stopped racial discrimination in voting in all, this was a major step into the right direction. -
Black Panther Party Founded in Oakland, CA
-This is a well representation of Malcolm X because he believed in fighting back physically not just mentally. -
Race Riots
After the assassination of Martin Luther King JR at his speech riots broke out in about 125 cities; Washington DC, Baltimore, and Chicago. Many African American and Caucasian people got injured, and some lost their life. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The act of 1964 was a law passed that doesn't allow discrimination based on race, sex, natural origin, or color. This was the major turning point and hope for African Americans true freedom.
