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A form of nonviolent protest, employed during the 1960s in the civil rights movement and later in the movement against the Vietnam War. In a sit-in, demonstrators occupy a place open to the public, such as a racially segregated (see segregation) lunch counter or bus station, and then refuse to leave ...
[http://www.congressofracialequality.org/sit-ins.html] -
Plessy V. Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson is a U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.
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Is a civil rights organization in the United States.
W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, and Moorfield Storey were involved in the event.
In New York City.
To advance justice for African Americans.
To explore past and present issues concerning race and its impact on educational, economic, political, social, moral, and ethical issues. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP] -
is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Among the founding members were James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E. Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn. was founded in Chicago. its stated mission is "to bring about equality for all people. They made it very clear how they felt and spoke their minds African American rights. They ran Many campaigns.
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President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. Executive Order 9981 was an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
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Was a landmark in the United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
Earl Warren, Elliott et al., Thurgood Marshall and Linda Brown were involved. In Kansas. Because little Linda Brown had had to go to a school for blacks which was more than one mile away instead of going to closer white school. [https://www.britannica.com/event/Brown-v-Board-of-Education-of-Topeka] -
Emmett Louis Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was a 14-year-old African-American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after a white woman said she was offended by him in her family's grocery store. ... Till posthumously became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement. [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2005/06/the_murder_of_emmett_till.html]
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement.
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The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. Melba Pattillo Beals.
Minnijean Brown.
Elizabeth Eckford.
Ernest Green.
Gloria Ray Karlmark.
Carlotta Walls LaNier.
Thelma Mothershed.
Terrence Roberts.
[http://www.history.com/topics] -
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed in 1957 just after the Montgomery Bus Boycotthad ended. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference's (SCLC) main aim was to advance the cause ofcivil rights in America but in a non-violent manner. [https://twitter.com/nationalsclc]
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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, often pronounced /snɪk/ SNIK) was one of the major Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of student sit-ins and formed at an April 1960 meeting organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University.
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were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia, which ruled that segregated public buses. Freedom Rides sought to test a 1960 decision by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia that segregation of interstate transportation facilities, including bus terminals, was unconstitutional as well.
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"I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights.
[https://medium.com/@cedcrumbley/martin-luther-king-jr-i-have-a-dream-speech-7ba99bf8847a] -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88–352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
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was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to expand black voting in the South.
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Malcolm X is widely regarded as the second most influential leader of the Nation of Islam after Elijah Muhammad. He was largely credited with the group's dramatic increase in membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate; from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another).
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A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people.
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Born in Sacramento, California, on April 2, 1965, Rodney King was caught by the Los Angeles police after a high-speed chase on March 3, 1991. The officers pulled him out of the car and beat him brutally, while amateur cameraman George Holliday caught it all on videotape.
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Arrested. 3,438. The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 16, 1965. On August 11, 1965, Marquette Frye, an African-American motorist on parole for robbery, was pulled over for reckless driving.
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On Thursday, April 4, 1968, King was staying in room 306 at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis in which he was shot. He died the same night. News of King’s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term.
[http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,] -
The desegregation of Boston public schools (1974–1988) was a period in which the Boston Public Schools were under court control to desegregate through a system of busing students. [http://www.wbur.org/2012/03/30/boston-busing-crisis]
