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15th Amendment
The 15th amendment states, and shows the right for african american men to vote. This declared "the right of citizens of the U.S to vote should not be denied, or ignored by the U.s or any state that is on account of race, color, etc. This amend. was ratified and not fully realized for almost a century. Through the use of poll taxes, and literacy tests, southern states were able to strongly capture african americans. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
On June 7, 1892, a 30 yr old colored shoemaker named Homer Plessy went to jail for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy was only 1/8th black and 7/8th white, but under Louisiana law, he was considered black and therefore required to sit in the "Colored" car. Plessy went to court and argued, in Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, that the Separate Car Act violated the 13th and 14th amendment. -
Brown v. Board
Brown v. Board was a supreme court case that acknowledged state laws that was establishing seperate public schools for the black and white students was unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored segregation. Many parents were stressed and struggling about there childs education. Many parents didnt want there kids to have to go so far just to get to school. It was fair, nor equal. -
Bus Boycotts
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign that started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, intended to argue the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, -
Little Rock Nine
On Monday, September 23, 1957, the 9 students went to their highschool. They knew there would be violence so they went in the rear entrance. White mobs were there to protest because they didn’t want any Blacks in their school and the reporters were there in support of the Blacks. White mobs that were waiting for the 9 students beat up black reporters because they didn’t want them near the school. -
Greensboro Sit-In
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests which led to the Woolworth's department store chain backing up its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. On February 1, 1960, four students from the Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina sat down at the lunch counter inside the Woolworth's store. The men, later known as the Greensboro Four stayed until closing, later attracting more african americans to protest along the sit-in. -
Freedom Riders
In 1961, the Freedom Riders set out for the Deep South to go agaisnt Jim Crow laws and call for change. They were assumed to have hatred and violence, and the local police often refused to come in between. The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961 when seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses headed for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia; which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations. -
“I Have A Dream”
"I Have a Dream" is a 17-minute public speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment was made to make poll taxes illegal for federal elections. Poll taxes are taxes that some states began charging during reconstruction as a way to African Americans from voting. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
Civil Rights of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread capturing of African Americans in the U.S. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, grew out of both public protest and private political agreement. Southern blacks risked harassment, intimidation, and physical violence when they tried to register or vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
On April 11, 1968 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is commonly known as the Fair Housing Act, and was meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Victims of discrimination may use both the 1968 act and the 1866 act to seek assistance. The 1968 act provides for federal solutions while the 1866 act provides for private solutions.
