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Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln signed a preliminary version of the emanicipation proclamation, which declared freedom for enslaved persons only in parts of the confederacy not under the control of the union army. This had no effect on enslaved african americans. -
13th Amendment
This amendment was the abolition of slavery. It was the final act in ending slavery. This prohibits the binding of a person to perform a personal service due to debt. The first adopted to be divided into sections. -
14th Amendment
This amendment was the rights of the citizens. It had 4 goals. First goal is to penalize southern states that refused to grant african americans to vote. Second is to keep former confederate leaders from serving in government. Third is to forbid payment of the confederacy's debt by the federal government. Fourth is to insure payment of the war debts owed to federal government. -
15th Amendment
This amendment was the right to vote. It gave away the suffrage of the african americans for the right to vote. Congress was given the power to enforce this amendment. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
This case made the doutrine "separated but equal" that i the main doutrine causing racial segregation. This case started because of the law of "Separate Car Act" that separated whites and african americans on ralroads. Because Plessy was african american he couldn't be in the white's railway car. In the end the the case was lost by Plessy with a mojority of 7 to 1. -
19th Amendment
This amendment was for womans suffrage. It extended the vote to all qualified women in federal and state elections. Then women's movement had earlier gained full voting rights for women in 4 western states in the late 19th century. -
Smith v. Allwright
This was an important case regarding the voting rights and racial desegregation. In this case Lonnie E. Smith sued the conty election official S.S Allwright for the right to vote in a primary election. The court decided that the primary election denied Smith of his protection putting the court in favor of Smith. -
Executive Order 9981
President Harry S. Truman signs the order that stops the racial segregation in the Armed Forces. This order was later on expanded by the creation of the Executive Order 8802 stopping religious and origin segregation. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This case took place in Topeka, Kansas. The oral argument for this case was presented on Dec. 9, 1952. This court case was because a 7 year old black girl, named Linda Brown, had to cross the railroad switching yard to catch her all black bus to elementary school. Her dad was just wondering why she couldn't attend the all white school. -
Emmett Till Murder
The murder of the 14 years old Emmitt Till happened in Mississipi because as an african american , he could not talk to white girls or woman ,but he did.After the body was found, Emmtt's mom decided to show the world the brutality that was done to his son because of the racial descrimination in the country. After sueing the killers, Emmits mom lost the case because the white people in the court were all defending the killers. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was political and social campaign made to stop the racial segregation on public transportation. The bycott caused a finacial problem for the Montgomery's public transportation system. The boycott stopped after one of the boycotters was arrested in December 1. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This was to end discrimination against blacks. It was passed in 1957. In 1960 they gave the attorney general power to sue in federal courts on behalf of african americans denied the right to vote because of their race. -
Greensboro and Nashville Sit-ins
In Greensboro, 4 African american college students started sit ins in a "whites only" lunch counter and ordered coffee as an act of non-violent anti-segregation movement. Soon the number of students around the country doing sit-ins got higher, what impacted the country about the racial segregation. -
Freedom Rides
In May of 1961, a group of white and african american college students that try to ride the bus from Washington DC to New Orleans together as a radical way to get equality in public transportation. The bus was fire bombed by the police and KK in Bermingham Alabama. -
March on Washington for jobs and Freedom
Also called "The Great March on Washington " was a big march trying to get civil and economic rights for African Americans. This march was also the one where Martin Luther King,Jr had his famous speech "I have a dream". -
"Sunday School Bombing"
The Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham that was used as a meeting place for the leaders of the civil rights movement . In September of 1963 a white man was seen putting a box under the steps of that church and soon after the box exploded and killed 4 sunday school students and leaving several injured. Later on, the one that placed the bomb was discovered to be in the Ku Klux Klan . -
24th Amendment
This amendment was the abolition of the poll tax. The fee was required to be paid in order to vote in a number of southern states. This amendment ended poll taxes. In 1966 the supreme court voided poll taxes in state elections as well. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act was to forbade segregation in hotels, motels, restaurants, lunch counters, theatres, and sporting arenas that did business in interstate commerce. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Act prohibits states from putting any type of voting qualification to try preventing any United States citizen from voting based on the race or color. This Act was made because of a series of tests made to try making african american voters to not have their right to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Its also known as the Indian Civil Rights Act. This provided equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin. This act was signed by Lyndon Johnson. Title 8 of this act was the housing act. The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, and national origin.
