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Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude
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were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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o the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
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On June 7, 1892, 30-year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy could easily pass for white but under Louisiana law, he was considered black despite his light complexion and therefore required to sit in the "Colored" car.
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the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power
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Supreme Court cases in the fight for African-American civil rights. The former case legalized racial segregation under the "separate but equal" law, while the latter case outlawed the doctrine.
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was an American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967.
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Was an African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement"
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was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.
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was an American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.
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Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest.
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was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms
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is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob, often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a minority group.
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was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association.
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is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.
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government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies
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changed a portion of the 14th Amendment. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
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were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system
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is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States.
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launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation.
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citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax.
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right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
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Was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.
