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Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott v. Sanford was a 7-2 decision by the Supreme Court that stated African Americans would not have freedoms in a free state or territory. It also said that African Americans would never be a United States citizen. This had been considered one of the worst decisions the Supreme Court has made by constitutional scholars. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment abolishes slavery in the United States. It states "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction". -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment granted anyone born on United State soil is a natural born citizen. It also grants African Americans civil and legal rights and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment states that no one will be denied the right to vote by the United States or by any State based on race, color, or previous servitude. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a case in which the Court held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave citizens the right to vote not based on sex. Also, Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
White Primaries
White primaries were primary elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is to increase the representation of particular groups based on their gender, race, sexuality, creed or nationality in areas in which they are underrepresented such as education and employment. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes were fees you had to pay without reference to your income. -
24th Amendment
Citizens in some states had to pay a poll tax. Which is having to pay to vote in a National Election. The 24th Amendment prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal office. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits someone from being discriminated against base on their race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was a decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was a proposed amendment to the Constitution designed to create equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It looked to end the distinctions between men and women in matters of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court that upheld, in a 5-4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. -
Lawrence v. Texas
Lawrence v. Texas was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that United State laws prohibiting private homosexual activity, sodomy, and oral sex between consenting adults are unconstitutional -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Obergefell v. Hodges was a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution