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https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_dred.html -African Americans are not citizens of the United States and therefore cannot sue in court.
-Congress doesn't have the power to end slavery.
-Rights of slave owners are constitutionally protected because of 5th Amendment rights to property. -
-Formally abolished slavery, happened during Civil War
-The South retaliated with the Black Codes, placing new racist laws on black people
-Also does not apply for prison, so Jim Crow laws would make it easy to arrest black people and punish them unjustly and force them into slavery (vagrancy laws) -
Reconstruction efforts tried to reconstruct the United States after the Civil War.
-Includes Amendments 13-15 -
-Gives power to Congress to pass Civil Rights Act of 1866 and others like that
-“Contains basic guarantees of equality and due process of law”
-Section 1 extends to African-Americans and gives them the basic human rights they were denied
-Privileges of Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, Equal Protection Clause
-Applies specifically to STATES, not Congress
-Civil War + 14th Amendment = One nation
-Didn’t really happen, ex: George Stinney, lynching, segregation -
-No person can be denied a vote based on their race, basically gives African-Americans the right to vote
-Needed because it was not specified in 14th Amendment
-Section II says that if Southern states don’t allow this amendment, then they could get some people kicked out of Congress
-This was made during Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson (railroad segregation), Civil Rights Act of 1875 was shut down, so this amendment didn’t have much impact until later -
-Jim Crow Laws were designed to uphold white supremacy and place burdens on black people.
-Also called Black Codes
Ex:
-Black people can't play games with white people
-Black people can't marry white people
-Black people can't ride in the same train car as white people (Plessy v. Ferguson) -
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-6/apush-south-after-civil-war/a/jim-crow -“In 1896, the Supreme Court declared Jim Crow segregation legal in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. The Court ruled that “separate but equal” accommodations African Americans were permitted under the Constitution.”
-Overturned later in 1954 because segregation was found inherently unequal Big idea: separate but equal doctrine -
-Gives women right to vote
-Voting gives people power, so men were the only ones that had power
-Giving women a vote gave them societal and political power -
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lT1HYK2eGqJ-8ZFH92vZkTBWXNqbFeOl/view?usp=sharing https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BriQ9o2h8JP0T4dbt5fw-q2ciPbZfI9wH8fKHAXuC6E/edit -A young black boy named George Stinney was sentenced to death for supposedly killing two white girls.
-He had a very unfair trial and evidence proves he might have been innocent.
-Many due process violations occured.
-This case shows how race impacted the court system. -
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tgSgj9cbJLlT386bWfTseYiplkNILRoglEJK0wedz2U/edit -Ruled that segregation in the school system, even if schools were tangibly equal, is unconstitutional
-Proved that the "separate but equal doctrine" isn't constitutional because segregation creates a feeling of inferiority in black people
-"Separate education facilities are inherently unequal" -
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/civil-rights-movement/a/the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-and-the-voting-rights-act-of-1965 -Most comprehensive Civil Rights Act ever enacted by Congress
-Dismantled Jim Crow segregation and combated racial discrimination
-Still didn’t do everything, racism and segregation still happened -
-Because of 15th Amendment, the South retaliated with the Grandfather Clause (if you weren’t registered before the civil war, you can’t vote) and hefty prices to vote to stop black people from voting
-Also literacy tests -- impossible to pass if the person grading didn’t want you to pass, but impossible to fail if the person grading wanted you to pass
-This act aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote