civil rights

By Natakorn Nillarat

  • 13th Amendment

    Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

  • 14th Amendment

    14th Amendment extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to formerly enslaved people.

  • 15th Amendment

    The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

  • Tuskegee Institute created

    The founding date was July 4, 1881, authorized by House Bill 165. We should give credit to George Campbell, a former slave owner, and Lewis Adams, a former slave, tinsmith and community leader, for their roles in the founding of the University. Adams had not had a day of formal education but could read and write.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

    Ferguson, Judgement, Decided May 18, 1896; Records of the Supreme Court of the United States; Record Group 267; Plessy v. Ferguson, 163, #15248, National Archives. The ruling in this Supreme Court case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races."

  • NAACP

    The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey and Ida B. Wells.

  • 19th Amendment

    the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote.

  • Cesar Chavez

    Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist.

  • Executive Order 9981

    Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces. On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military.

  • Brown v. Board of Education

    On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

  • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed

    civil rights organization founded in 1957, as an offshoot of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which successfully staged a 381-day boycott of the Montgomery Alabama's segregated bus system.

  • Little Rock 9

    a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas,

  • Civil Rights Act of 1957

    the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

  • Chicano Movement (Mural Movement)

    The Chicano murals movement encompasses the explosion of public art on the walls of buildings across the Southwest.

  • Greensboro, NC Sit-ins

    a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service.

  • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed

    capitalize on the success of a surge of sit-ins in Southern college towns, where Black students refused to leave restaurants in which they were denied service based on their race.

  • Freedom Riders

    a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race.

  • Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

    “We must come to see that human progress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability.

  • Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed

    First proposed by the National Woman's political party in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was to provide for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex.

  • Montgomery bus boycott

    the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.