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1863 - The Emancipation Proclamation is issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the enslaved in the
rebellious Confederate states. -
1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment is passed abolishing slavery in the United States.
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1868 - The Fourteenth Amendment is passed guaranteeing all African-Americans the rights of full U.S. citizens.
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1870 - The Fifteenth Amendment is passed guaranteeing the right to vote for all citizens regardless of race.
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1890s - Jim Crow laws become common in many southern states segregating blacks from whites.
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1896 - The Supreme Court rules that segregation is legal in the Plessy v. Ferguson case using the "separate but
equal" argument. -
1909 - The NAACP is founded by African-American leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells.
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Arkansas Nine
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The Freedom Riders
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