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Period: to
United States
AA= African American Civil-rights
W= Civil rights for Women
C= Chicanos Civil Rights
I= Asian American Civil Rights -
13th Amendment (AA)
Effectively abolished slavery. First step toward equality -
14th Amendment (AA)
The rights of citizenship can’t be denied to any naturalized or born in the United States including former enslaved individuals. -
15th Amendment (AA)
Voting rights may not be denied on the basis of race. Prevented Racial Discrimination. -
Tuskegee Institute created (AA)
Created by Booker T. Washington to provide education and gradual equality for blacks.Slow integration of blacks into white society. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (AA)
Established separate “but equal” and upheld segregation. Hindered Racial equality. -
NAACP created (AA)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Fought for equality for African Americans and other colored individuals. -
19th Amendment (W)
Granted women the right to vote. First step toward gender equality. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed (W)
Proposed the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex. Legal Protections for women -
Executive Order 9981 (I)
Implemented Japanese internment camps. Increased discrimination against Asian Americans. -
Brown v. Board of Education (AA)
Prevented segregation in schools. First steps toward desegregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (AA)
protest against segregation on public transits in Montgomery. Progress toward desegregation. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed (AA)
Created by MLK to recruit African American protesters to part take in peaceful protests. -
Little Rock 9 (AA)
incident where 9 black students were barred from attending Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas against federal rulings. Resistance to desegregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (AA)
Formed the US commission on civil rights to prevent discrimination in various areas such as voting and federal aid. Legal protection from discrimination. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins (AA)
A protest intending to be peaceful that involved 4 black students braking segregation rules and sitting at the whites only lunch area. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed (AA)
Formed to give students and other younger black individuals a voice in the civil right movement allowed them to protest racism and discrimination in nonviolent ways. -
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement) (C)
An Art movement that involved the painting of murals depicting Mexican-American culture and traditions. Steps toward normalization of Mexican-American culture. -
Freedom Riders (AA)
Civil rights activists who fought segregation and discrimination in the south. -
Cesar Chavez (C)
Creator of the National Farm Workers Association and United Farm Workers. Helped secure labor rights and improve conditions of immigrant farmers. -
Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (AA)
Encouraged Civil rights activists to participate in peace protests and civil disobedience as well as ignoring unjust laws. -
March on Washington: “I have a dream” speech (AA)
Most famous civil rights speech that advocated for racial equality. Played an important role in securing blacks legal protections. -
24th Amendment (AA)
Prohibited the implementation of poll taxes at polls and voting locations. Prevented racial and economic discrimination. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (AA)
Made Racial discrimination illegal and created EEOC to prevent discrimination in employment selection. Further legal protections for African Americans. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (AA)
Prevented the use of any test to prohibit the utility of voting rights. Protected Black suffrage and voting rights -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court (AA)
First African American to be appointed to the supreme court. -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court (W)
First woman to be appointed to the supreme court. -
Sonia Sotomayor appointed to the Supreme Court (C)
First hispanic woman to be appointed to supreme court.