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Jim Crow laws
The Jim Crow Laws were laws that made it so races could be seperate but equal. These laws still allowed many social things to segragated. African Americans got a lot nicer facilities because of these laws.(1865-1877) -
13 Amendment
The 13 amendment completely abolished slavery. This is obviously important because it part of the beginning of giving equal rights African Americans. The south was still extremely racist and it made it hard to live if you were african american. -
14 amendment
This amendment adressed citizen rights and equal protection of laws. This affected any other race that was being unfailry targeted by laws. This amendment was a big part of the Yick Wo vs. Hopkins. -
15 Amendment
The 15 amendment prohibits the governemnt to take any citizen the right to vote based on race. This made it easier to vote for african americans to vote. Many african americans still had trouble voting because of racists not letting them vote. -
Literacy Tests
Literacy tests were another way of not letting african americans vote. Most african americans weren't educated enough to pass th test so they couldn't vote. The test was very hard and most people today would struggle to pass it. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This determined that there was nothing wrong wth segreagation as long as facilities reserved for the races were equal. This enshrined the separate-but-equal doctrine in U.S law. But in realitliy it was anything but equal. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes were an extra way for the state to not let American Americans to vote. African Americans didn't have enough money to afford the extra tax just to vote. This really limited the amount of people voting. -
19 Amendment
The 19 amendment gave the right to any sex to vote. This was a big step for womens rights. After this there were a lot more voters. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who are perceived to suffer from discrimination within a culture. It's importnat because it gives minorities a chance at gettting a job. -
Korematsu v. United States
This case ruled that putting japanese americans in internment camps was constitutional. They wanted to protect the counrty from espionage. -
Sweatt v. Painter
This court case ruled that a segregated law school for african american students could not provide students with equal educational opportunities which violated the Equal Protection Clause. This showed that seperate but equal isn't true. -
Brown v Board of Education
This court case is signifiacnt because it established that seperate public schools for blacks and whites was unconstitional. This allowed for intergration between all races. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
These were boycotts by african americans that thought the segregation of buses were unfair. The beginning was when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to white person. Supreme court eventually decided segragation of buses was unconstitutional. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby was the first african american that got integrated in an all white elemantary school. This was a big step for the integration of all schools. Her bravery paved the way for continued civil rights action. -
24 amendment
The 24 amendment proved that poll taxes were unconstitutional. This helped african americans even more for the right to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act ended all unequal public accommadations. After this african americans were suppose to have no segregation of anything public. The act was initionall weak but got stronger several years later. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act prohibits any racial disrimination in voting. After this African Americans got to vote with the KKK or any other group scaring them from voting. -
Loving v. Virginia
This case ruled that stae laws banning interracial marriages violated the Equal Protection clause. This mostly affected anybody that wanted to marry someone of the other race. This increased the number of interracial marriages in America. -
Robert Kennedy Speech
Kennedy adressed Martin's death even though the fear of a dangerous riot. This speech really got a lot of people on his side right before the election. This was also considered one of the best public adressess. -
Reed v. Reed
The Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. This is important because it ruled that perferring male over women is unconstitutional. -
Bakke v California
This case upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. It's important because it shows congress's obligation to make sure schools are diverse and intergrated. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This amendment is aimed to bar discrimination based on a person's sex. It has helped women rights in particular, so that they won't be discriminated against. -
Bowers v Hardwick
This case is an important because the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not protect the right of gay adults to engage in private, consensual sodomy. This case was a serious legal blow to the gay community. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act is important because it forbids employers to discriminate against people with disabilities. It has made businesses install ramps, widened doors. -
Lawrence v. Texas
This court case struck down the sodomy law in Texas and, by making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. This overturned the ruling in the Bowers v. Hardwick case. -
Fisher v. Texas
This case is significant because it upheld affrimative action. It allowed universities to use race as part of a holistic admissions program where it cannot otherwise achieve diversity. -
Baskin v. Bogan
This case granted them summary judgment and striking down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage. It's significant because its going to give same-sex marriage a chance of being legalized .
