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Constitutional amendment that forbids any state in the US from depriving citizens of their rights and privileges and defines citizenship.
https://goo.gl/vJhtKd
http://goo.gl/GQtMoH - 14th amendment -
Supreme Court rules that separate but equal facilities for different races is legal. Gives legal approval to Jim Crow laws.
http://goo.gl/NikZ58
http://goo.gl/A7N8Ax -plessy v fergeson -
Arguing that gradual progress is the best path for blacks, Washington focuses on job training and suggests that self-respect and self-help would bring better opportunities for the blacks.
http://goo.gl/ik2QPk
http://goo.gl/qKZAYD - booker t washington -
W.E.B. DuBois demands immediate racial equality and opposes all laws that treats blacks as different from others. Leads to creation of NAACP in 1909.
http://goo.gl/nZWVpK
http://goo.gl/wlqsmC - niagara movement -
NAACP successfully challenges state laws that restricted black voting registration.
http://goo.gl/OF9jEm -
Over 25 race riots occur in the summer of 1919 with 38 killed in Chicago. 70 blacks, including 10 veterans, are lynched in the South.
http://goo.gl/ll5dn4
http://goo.gl/0xI3Ws Race Riots 1919 -
FDR sets up Fair Employment Practices Commission to assure non-discrimination policies in federal job hirings.
http://goo.gl/vdpJXQ -
Pasadena resident and UCLA alum Robinson breaks the color barrier by being the first black to play major league baseball in modern times.
https://goo.gl/jyZhfg
http://goo.gl/OlPnNx Jackie Robinson -
President Truman issues executive order requiring integrated units in the armed forces.
http://goo.gl/wNZHJ6 -
Supreme Court reverses Plessy by stating that separate schools are unequal. Schools are ordered to desegregate.
http://goo.gl/1bVW6M -
Over 100 southern members of Congress signed a document attacking the Supreme Court decision. Only Lyndon Johnson, Estes Kefauver, and Albert Gore refuse to join the protest.
http://goo.gl/wmSfHJ -
After Little Rock school board votes to integrate schools, National Guard troops prevent black children from attending school. 1000 federal paratroopers were needed to escort black students and keep peace. Arkansas governor Faubus responds by closing schools for the 1958-59 school year.
http://goo.gl/UfAKuO
http://youtu.be/-MksNGcNzKc Little rock nine -
Rosa Parks lead a 381 day bus boycott organized by Martin Luther King, Jr.
http://goo.gl/YCha9k
http://youtu.be/lHFPH79Iaoo Montgomery bus boycott -
10 black men sat at a white only counter in Rock Hill, South Carolina in a protest against segregation. They were arrested and nine men were sentenced to 30 days of labor on a chain gang.
http://goo.gl/o3jKwX
http://goo.gl/8D6I6C Woolworth lunch counter -
Blacks and whites take buses together to the South to protest bus station segregation. Many were treated with riots and beatings.
http://goo.gl/9pzcfY -
5000 federal troops are sent by PresIdent Kennedy to allow Meredith to register for his classes. Riots resulted in 2 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
http://goo.gl/v2zedP -
In response to white people who urge him to stop causing disturbances, King issues a statement of nonviolent resistance to wrongs of American society.
https://goo.gl/QaKiaM -
King and SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) oppose local laws that support segregation. Riots, fire-bombing, and police are used against the protestors.
https://goo.gl/YEXWJT -
Standing in the schoolhouse door and promising segregation "today, tomorrow, and forever," Wallace is forced by PresIdent Kennedy to allow blacks to enroll in the school.
http://goo.gl/mcqNsH -
Head of Mississippi NAACP is shot outside his home on the same night that President Kennedy addressed the nation on race, asking "Are we to say to the world...that this is a land of the free except for Negroes"
http://goo.gl/QR8NFn -
More than 200,000 blacks and whites gather before Lincoln Memorial to hear speeches including King's "I Have a Dream" speech and protest for racial injustice.
http://goo.gl/6DNybH
http://goo.gl/4xWFHo March on Washington -
4 black girls are killed by bomb planted in church.
http://goo.gl/pg8FU5 -
Poll tax, which had been used to prevent blacks from voting, outlawed. Black voter registration increases and candidates begin to turn away from white supremacy views in attempt to attract black voters.
http://goo.gl/zLh34J -
Overcoming Senate problems, Congress passes law forbidding racial discrimination in many areas of life, including hotels, voting, employment, and schools.
http://goo.gl/lMcHUI -
Civil rights workers seek to register blacks to vote. 3 are killed and many black homes and churches are burned. National outrage helps pass civil rights legislation.
http://goo.gl/QjLczK -
Rejecting integration and nonviolence, Malcolm splits off from Elijah Muhammad's Black Muslims and is killed by black opponents.
http://goo.gl/JVAmKa -
King leads a 54-mile march to support black voter registration. Despite attacks from police and interference from Governor Wallace, marchers reach Montgomery. PresIdent Johnson addresses nation in support of marchers.
http://goo.gl/cNERIU -
After passage, southern black voter registration grows by over 50% and black officials are elected to various positions. In Mississippi, black voter registration grew from 7% to 67%.
http://goo.gl/2lT7vI -
In first of more than 100 riots, Los Angeles black suburb erupts in riots, burning, looting, and 34 deaths.
http://goo.gl/5BWMWI -
Worst riots in U.S. history results in 43 deaths in Detroit and federal troops being called out to restore order.
http://goo.gl/lTR7GR -
While supporting sanitation workers' strike which had been made by violence in Memphis, King is shot by James Earl Ray. Riots result in 125 cities.
http://goo.gl/SpIo47
