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Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
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It sought to restore white supremacy by threats and violence, including beatings, lynchings, and murder.
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it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws
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"right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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He founded the Tuskegee Institute, a black school in Alabama devoted to training teachers.
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
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To ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.
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Du Bois became director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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It guarantees all American women the right to vote
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granted full U.S. citizenship to America's indigenous peoples, called "Indians" in this Act.
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It is the oldest and most widely respected Hispanic civil rights organization in the United States of America
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It was a 1947 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools
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When he broke baseball’s color barrier to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers
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in which Mexican Americans claimed they had been denied use of facilities used by "other white races" in the same school.
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García founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation
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It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
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The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education.
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In a unanimous ruling, the court held that Mexican Americans and all other racial or national groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
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held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
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She refused to give up her seat for a white man.
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In which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating
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The main point of the SCLC was to advance the cause of civil rights in America but in a non-violent manner
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The goal of the 1957 Civil Rights Act was to ensure that all Americans could exercise their right to vote
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He was the Democratic Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, famously known for his vigorous stand against the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
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It was formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement.
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To improve race relations and end discriminatory policies through direct-action projects.
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It prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
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He stood in the doorway when black students Vivian Malone and James A. Hood showed up at the University of Alabama campus in Tuscaloosa to attend class.
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Martin Luther King, Jr. did I have a dream speech
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This case the Supreme Court declared the 1970 reapportionment plan was unconstitutional for discrimination against racial and ethnic groups
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Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act
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prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal.
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It aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.
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It is dedicated to its multi-issue and multi-strategy approach to women’s rights.
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Friedan co-founded, and became the first president of, the National Organization for Women
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The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighbourhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality.
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He was a black leader who, as a key spokesman for the Nation of Islam, epitomized the "Black Power" philosophy
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The first African American ever to serve on the Court
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Its original purpose was to help Indians in urban ghettos who had been displaced by government programs that had the effect of forcing them from the reservations
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Raza Unida sought social, economic, and political self-determination for Chicanos,
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This case ruled that in regards to compulsory attendance laws, Amish had the right to educate their children at home
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federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
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discrimination against students in poor school districts.
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He was recognized with the highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
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He became the 44th President of the United States.
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The first Hispanic Justice and third woman to serve in the US Supreme Court.