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Plessy v Ferguson
Landmark United States supreme court decision requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". This law was made because African-American Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car on a train breaking a Louisiana law.
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
United States Civil Rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in civil rights movement. CORE was one of the "big four" civil rights organizations.
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Jackie Robinson
First African-American athlete to play major league baseball in the 20th century. Signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. Named rookie of the year in 1947, and was national league MVP in 1949. Was the World series champ in 1955. Later retired in 1957.
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Sweatt v Painter
United States supreme court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v Ferguson.
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Brown v Board of Education
United States supreme court case that declared State laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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Medgar Evers
Civil rights activist, he organized voter-registration efforts, and many boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination. He investigated crimes perpetrated against blacks. In 1954, he became the first state field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
The arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott it was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the United States supreme court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.
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"The Southern Manifesto"
Document written by legislators in the United States congress opposed to racial integration in public places.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
The SCLC was formed just after the Montgomery Bus Boycott had ended. The main aim was to advance the cause of civil rights in America but in a non-violent manner. Martin Luther King was the president.
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Little Rock - Central High School
Desegregation of public schools in the United States. Nine African-American students persistence in attending the formally all-white high school.
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commitee (SNCC)
Founded in April 1960, by young leaders of the sit-in protest movement it initiated on February 1 of that year by four black college students in Greensboro, North Carolina.
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Greensboro sit-in
Series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina. Which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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"Freedom Rides"
May 4,1961 a group of13 African-American and white civil rights activists went on a series of bus trips through the South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by CORE tried to use “whites-only” facilities. The group caused violence as well as international attention to their cause. In September 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations prohibiting segregation in bus and train stations nationwide.
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James Meredith
Civil Rights activist who became the first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962.
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Twenty-fourth Amendment
Prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote, in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
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"Letter from Birmingham jail"
A letter written by Martin Luther King, Jr. The letter defends strategies of nonviolent resistance to racism.
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March on Washington
200,000 demonstrators participated in the March on Washington in the nation’s capital. The march successfully pressured the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a federal civil rights bill in Congress.
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Bombing of Birmingham church
On September 15, a bomb exploded Sunday morning at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. A church with a predominantly black congregation it also served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders. Four young girls were killed and many other people injured.
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Mississippi Freedom Summer
A campaign in the United States to attempt to dramatically increase voter register and African-American voters in Mississippi. Before it had historically excluded most blacks from ever voting.
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Civial Rights Act passed
A piece of civil rights legislation in the United States. Outlawing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
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Malcom X assassinated
Former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X was assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights.
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Selma to Montgomery march
600 people begin a march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama. Martin Luther King Jr's Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) helped raise awareness of the difficulty faced by black voters in the South. Also shown the need for a Voting Rights Act, passed later that year.
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Voting Rights Act approved
Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson. The law aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African-Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment.
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Black Panthers
Revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. They were willing to speak out for all those who were oppressed from whatever minority group, and were willing to use violence to get what they wanted.
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King assassinated
The American civil rights activist, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was 39 years old when he was shot in the jaw and struck dead.
http://bit.ly/1C5v04g
