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The Qing Dynasty
They conquered the drumbling Ming state and established ther own Qing.
-1900´s Majority of population were peasants
-Chinese economy was based on agriculture
-Chinese people had a bad life and were very poor
-Floods and droughts were very common
-Population grew 8%
-Landlords increased rents
-Migration to rural areas = unemployment -
First Opium War
-India and the UK trade opium to China it was a great business but affected Chinese population
-Chinese gov´t took measurements to solve this problem
-Thousands of Chinese opium traders were arrested,rehabilitation programs were created for adicts and Chinese gov´t order foreing stores of Opium to surrender but they didn´t
-Chinese gov´t attacked them and forced them to surrender 21,000 chest of opium and attack a UK boat.This actions lead to a war which China lost and make them felt humiliated -
Taiping Rebellion
It was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China against the Qing Dynasty gov´t -
Self-Strengthening movement
It was a period of institutional reforms during the Qing Dynasty -
Sino-Japanese War
It was a war between China and Japan for the control of Korea.
In which China lost and fend off threats to Qing Dynasy´s sovereignty -
Boxer Rebellion
It was an anit-foreign, anti-colonial and anti-christian uprising in China, toward the end of Qing Dynasty -
Double Tenth Revolution
-China was in desperate conditions and there was a feeling that Qing Dynasty should be overthrown
-The Emperor died and Prince Chun took power, but he was not capable.
-Gov´t lost control of military
-In October, the ruling dynasty was overthrown in a revolution and a Republic was created
-In November, it was declared the creation of a Chinese Republic -
The rule of Yuan Shikai
-Shikai was a military dictator
-GMD was created and won the elections but Shikai didn´t want to share power and wanted to be a dictator
-Yuan Shikai died and there was no one leader popular enough, which resulted in a collapsed of the central gov´t and lead to the Warlord era. -
Warlord Era
-Sun Yatsen controlled a small area around Beijing and several warlords the other areas
-Warlords fight eahc other to control China, which made condittions in China worst
-This era was a total chaos and several horrors were commited -
May Fourth Movement
-Japan took control of Shangdong and the 21 demands were sent
-3000 Beijing University students did a mass demonstration against the Warlords
-This began the communist movement in China -
GMD and CCP alliance
-GMD was a nationalist party ruled by Jiang Jieshi
-CCP was a communist party ruled by Mao Zedong
-GMD and CCP made an alliance with the purpose to unify china -
The First United Front
-GMD and the CCP wanted a unified China
-They wanted to get rid of the warlords and free China for foreign imperialist powers
-Jiang was anti-communist and began to remove communist from the GMD
-Together the GMD and the CCP set out the Northern Expedition in 1926 to crush the warlords
-Within 2 years they destroyed the warlords and the GMD announced it legitimate gov´t in China -
GMD attacks to the CCP
-Popular support for the communists was a key reason that Jiang decided he could no longer tolerate them in the GMD
-Jiang expelled all the communists from the GMD
-Attacks on the communists reached a peak in Shangai in the White Terror -
White Terror
-Attacks from the GMD to communists
-5000 communists were shot
-GMD carried out several attacks in what in became known as the purification movement
-Masacre of thousands of communists, trade unionist and peasants leaders
1/4 of a million people were killed and CCP was nearly crushed
-CCP moved to the mountains of Jiansi and the civil war had begun -
The Jiangxi Soviet
-CCP was forced to retreat into Jiangxi province
-This territory became known as the Jiangxi Soviet
-CCP based its revolution in peasants because they were the majortiy of the populaton
-Mao arrived to Jiangxi
