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Edicts signed to limit the overseas commerce of the Chinese
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Zhenge led seven major expeditions overseas
- the last three reached Persia -
highly centralized, absolutist political structure came into power through the last 2 centuries
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Closed Country Edict signed in Japan.
Japan was closing its door to overseas expeditions and overseas commerce. Any violations of this edict brought the consequence of execution and severe punishment. -
Asia became part of the Asian Sea Trading Network which included the West, China, and India
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Revival of Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence of thinkers
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Increase of European powers began to built true empires in Asia
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Long period of strong rule by Manchus led to official corruption, economic dislocations, and social unrest
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Western powers took advantage of Manchu decline and forced open China's markets
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Emperors of China sent official Lin Zexu with means to stamp out Opium trade
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Thousands of people became addicted to drug Opium. About 1% of China's population- 40,000 people
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Close to Opium war- nearly 40,000 chests of Opium imported by the Chinese
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Britain refused to stop trading the drug Opium with China so General Lin Zexu was defeated and excommunicated from China
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-Great rebellions such as the Taiping Rebellion and Boxer rebellions
- attacking the scholar gentry -
Dynamic provincial leaders were the most responsible for China's self-strengthening movement
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Broke out in 1898 and was put down with imperialist powers in 1901
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Britain began to trade, legally and illegaly, Opium to the merchants on the south China coast