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While attending the University of Edinburg, Charles Darwin gave his first scientific speech as a member of the Plinian Society. Even though Charles Darwin went to school for medicine, he found an escape going on observations in relation to Marine Biology. During one of his outings he had discovered that the black marks on oyster shells were in fact eggs of a different sea creature.
Rainbow, P. S. (2011). Charles Darwin and marine biology. Marine Ecology, 32, 130–134. -
While on the Beagle, Charles Darwin observed some coral reefs. The foundation of coral reef was in question until Charles Darwin discovered that coral reefs needed sunlight and could grow out to become a barrier reef. He wrote about his findings in “Coral Reef”.
Rainbow, P. S. (2011). Charles Darwin and marine biology. Marine Ecology, 32, 130–134. -
During Charles Darwin trip on the Beage he observed and wrote down many of his findings. He came up with a scientific theory of evolution. He discovered that many different organisms evolved over many years based on natural selection. This was his most notable contribution to science.
van Wyhe. (2009). Charles Darwin 1809–2009. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 41(2), 251–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.024 -
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Charles Darwin wrote "The Decent of Man" which goes on to explain that humans shared mental and physical characteristics of animals and explain evolution. He then goes on to explain sexual selection comes down to Male Competition of Femal Choice. An example of Male Selection is Stag using antlers to fight each other with the winner having more female partners.
Darwin, C., Kebler, L. & Joseph Meredith Toner Collection. (1871) The Descent of Man,: And Selection in Relation to Sex .