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Oct 30, 1543
Copernicus
Copernicus worked for the church and did not publish his findings until he was on his death bed in this year. He proposed the 1st heliocentric model of the solar system. -
Period: Oct 30, 1564 to
Galilei
Galilei spent his life studimg the stars with the first telescope. He promoted Copernicus and wrote two books to spread his findings, Starry Messanger, and Letters on Sunspots. -
Urban VIII
killed Galileo for betraying him by supporting copernicus in dialogue on the two chief world systems -
Galileo
condemned for trying to fit the scripture to new science -
Period: to
Nationalism
Nationalistic pressure grows. -
Period: to
Northern revolt
Threatened the Hapsburg empire. -
Period: to
Romantic republicanism
A very ineffective movement -
Period: to
Giuseppe Mazzini
Nationalist. In 1831, founded the Young Italy Society to drive Austria away and establish a republic. In the 1840s, he and Giuseppe Garibaldi conducted what amounted to guerilla warfare. -
Period: to
Count Camillo Cavour
Prime minister of Piedmont, Machiavellian, advisor to King Charles Albert, went from conservative to liberal, was very rich. With the ideas of enlightenment, classical economics and utilitarianism. Believed the Italian economy must prove itself and have loyal citizens. Thought Italy needed French intervention from Napoleon the Third. Fostered the nationalist society. -
Revolution in Naples
Fighting when kingdom of two Sicilys accepted a constitution. -
Period: to
Pope Pius the IX
Issued the Syllabus of Errors in 1864. Was very conservative. -
Period: to
Girabaldi
Confronted by Cavour, in 1860 Naples and Sicily voted to join Cavour. Savoy and Nice went to France. -
Provoke war
France and Italy try to provoke war against Austria. -
War with Austria
Italy cunningly declares and wins. Napoleon the Third made peace with Austria. -
Victor Emmanuel II is crowned king
The north and south Italy were incompatible, so a bicameral chamber of deputies was created. -
Period: to
More territory
Many Italians want Venetia and Rome. -
The first Vatican Council
Ended in 1870. Introduced papal infallability. -
Period: to
Leo XIII
Issued the rerum novarum in 1891. Instituted corporate society instead of capitalism or socialism. He was semi-liberal. -
Italy wants to join the Dual Alliance
Italy wants to join the Dual Alliance -
Period: to
Pious X
Condemned Catholic modernism and required an anti-modernist oath for priests. -
Italia Irredenta
Ununifeid Italian land -
Mussolini
The band of combat rises with Mussolini. -
Party elimination
Italy only has one political party. -
Meets with Germany
Forms the Stresa Front and attacks Ethiopia. -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Mussolini made this when he was alienated from the League of Nations.