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Copernicus worked for the church and did not publish his findings until he was on his death bed in this year. He proposed the 1st heliocentric model of the solar system.
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Galilei spent his life studimg the stars with the first telescope. He promoted Copernicus and wrote two books to spread his findings, Starry Messanger, and Letters on Sunspots.
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killed Galileo for betraying him by supporting copernicus in dialogue on the two chief world systems
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condemned for trying to fit the scripture to new science
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Nationalistic pressure grows.
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Threatened the Hapsburg empire.
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A very ineffective movement
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Nationalist. In 1831, founded the Young Italy Society to drive Austria away and establish a republic. In the 1840s, he and Giuseppe Garibaldi conducted what amounted to guerilla warfare.
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Prime minister of Piedmont, Machiavellian, advisor to King Charles Albert, went from conservative to liberal, was very rich. With the ideas of enlightenment, classical economics and utilitarianism. Believed the Italian economy must prove itself and have loyal citizens. Thought Italy needed French intervention from Napoleon the Third. Fostered the nationalist society.
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Fighting when kingdom of two Sicilys accepted a constitution.
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Issued the Syllabus of Errors in 1864. Was very conservative.
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Confronted by Cavour, in 1860 Naples and Sicily voted to join Cavour. Savoy and Nice went to France.
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France and Italy try to provoke war against Austria.
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Italy cunningly declares and wins. Napoleon the Third made peace with Austria.
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The north and south Italy were incompatible, so a bicameral chamber of deputies was created.
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Many Italians want Venetia and Rome.
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Ended in 1870. Introduced papal infallability.
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Issued the rerum novarum in 1891. Instituted corporate society instead of capitalism or socialism. He was semi-liberal.
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Italy wants to join the Dual Alliance
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Condemned Catholic modernism and required an anti-modernist oath for priests.
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Ununifeid Italian land
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The band of combat rises with Mussolini.
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Italy only has one political party.
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Forms the Stresa Front and attacks Ethiopia.
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Mussolini made this when he was alienated from the League of Nations.