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Period: Dec 4, 1580 to
John Smith
admiral of the New England, was an english soldier and author -
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English Bill of Rights
created separation of powers, limits of powers, of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech -
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Salutary Neglect
refers to an unofficial and long term british policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep colonies obedient -
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Enlightenment
european intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism -
Mayflower Compact
the first governing document of the plynouth colony. they were fleeing from religious persecution by king james of england. -
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House of Burgesses
the lower house of the colonial virginia legislature -
Presidio
a fortified military settlement in the Americas run by Spain -
Mestizo
being a mix of Spain and Native AMerican ancestry -
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Mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading, also called commercialism -
Northwest Passage
a sea route connecting northern Atlantic and {acific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the canadian Arctic -
Joint-Stock Company
private investors bought shares in trading companies. centralized around tobacco. business run colonies meant reduced royal control. -
Bacon's Rebellion
an armed rebellion by virginia settlers led by nathaniel bacon against the rule of governor william berkeley -
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Puritan
english protestants who sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship -
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indentured servant
in the times of jamestown, people sold themselves to slavery in order tyo be able to move from europe to america -
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The Great Awakening
evangelical an revitalizational movement that swept through British America -
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Middle passage
the sea journet undertaken by slave ships from erst africa to the west indies -
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Bicameral Legislature
certain body of government that consists of two legistlative houses. this applies to the british parliament -
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Alexander Hamilton
member of the first cabinet. chosen by george washington to be the first secretary of war of the united states -
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Henry Clay
the man who proposed the american sustem. rallied behind it with John C. Calhoun -
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Popular Sovereignty
this is when the government is created and sustained by the people, through elected representatives, directly applied to the united states government. -
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Articles of Confederation
articles that were the laws of united states, when the constitution was created. to take place of the articles -
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Whiskey's Rebellion
a tax protest that occurred during the presidency of george washington -
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Shay's Rebellion
A series of protests by american farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collectors and judgement for debt -
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Second Great Awakening
much of the impulse during reform was rooted in the revivals of the vroud and religious movement that swept oer the united states of america after 1790 -
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Erie Canal
also called the "big ditch" took 8 years to dig and stretched 363 miles and linked the hudson river to lake erie -
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Missouri Compromise
under the leadership of henry clay, congress managed to temporarily resolve the crisis with a seris of agreements collectively called the missouri compromise -
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Nat Turner
he was born into slavery in southampton country, VA. a gifted preacher, turner believed that he had been chosen to lead his people out of bondage and nearly 80 followers, turners band attacked four white plantations and killed almost 60 white inhabitants before being captured byt state and federal troops -
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Abolition Movement
the cll to outlaw slavery, was fuled by preachers live charles g finney, who termed slavery a great national sin -
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Dorothea Dix
compelled by personal experience to join the socail reform. on visiting the massachusetts house of correction, dix was horrified to discover that jais often housed mentally ill people. she persuaded nine southern states to set up public hospitals for the menbtally ill -
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
published uncle toms cabin, a book about the life of a slave. she only predicted the way a slave lived and created a false image for slavery -
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Andrew Jackson
7th president of the united states of america. also the founder of the democratic political party -
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Mormon Migration
a religious community that migrated westward along the oregon trail, would play a major tole in the settling of the west -
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Wilmot Proviso
david wilmot introduced an amendment that slavery nor involuntary servitude should exist. california and territories such as utah and new mexico would be closed to slaveru forever. this divided the congress along regional lines -
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California Gold Rush
prospectors called fortyniners flocked to california from asia, south america, and europe to mine for gold -
Battle of Fort Sumter
Charleston, South Carolina. Confederates attack the Union fort. Major Robert Anderson (Union). General Beauregard (Confederacy). 80 Union men, 500 Confederate men. Only 1 casualty - Union soldier. First battle of the Civil War, made many Northerners enlist in the Union. -
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Anaconda Plan
Initial war strategy of the US Army to put down the rebellion by the Confederacy. Devised by General Winfield. Blockade the coast of the SOuth to prevent the ecport of cotton, tobacco, and other cash crops from the South to keep them from importing much needed wat supplies. Capture Richmond, the capital of the Confederate States. Just a plan used by the Union, not a Battle. Used in Battle such as Hampton Roads, Shiloh, Antietam, and New Orleans. -
First Battle of Bull Run
Fairfac, Virginia. Battle was known as the First Manassas by the Confederates. Union forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate forces time to arrive by rail Both forces had about 18,000 poorly trained troops. The goal for the UNion was to make quick work of the bulk of the Confederate army, and open the way to Richmond, the Confederate capital, and end the war quickly, but the Confederates had another plan. The battle ended up being a disaster for the Union forces. -
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Battle of Shiloh
Union - 66,000 men. Confederacy - 44,700 men. Union - Ulysses S. Grant. Confederacy - Albert Johnston. Union - 13,000 casualties. Confederacy - 10,700 casualties. Union captured Forts Henry and Donelson. Allowed Union to move troops into Tennessee. General Jognston planned ambush. General Grant was ordered to wait in Pittsburgh landing for Don Carol Buell and his army. Confederates were initially successful. -
Battle of Antietam
Antietam Creek. Sharpsburg, Maryland. One of the bloodiest single day battles of the Civil War. Linear formation and shooting. Lee's baited McClellen. McClellan overly cautious. -
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Battle of Fredericksburg
fought in Virginia. North under General BUrnside, and South under General lee. One of the largest battles of the Civil War. McClellean didn't listen so Abraham Lincoln ordered him to initiate the battle, so he did. 200,000 combatants. Free African Americans were allowed to volunteer their service to the military, but did not receive ewual treatment or pay as the other men. -
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Battle of Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville, Virginia. Union - 97,000 soldiers, 14,000 casualties, General Joseph Hooker, lost. Confederacy - 57,000 soldiers, 10,000 casualties, General Robert E. Lee, won. Stoneall Jackson died of friendly fire. Hooker retired after losing, and general Meade replaced him. south benefited very little from this. -
Battle of Atlanta
34,000 Union men with 3,600 casualties. 40,000 Confederate men with 8,500 casualties. The Union won. The victory increased Northern morale and helped Abraham Lincoln get re elected over George McClellan. Atlanta recovered from the war and became capital of Goergia in 1868. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
The North had William T. Sherman and Ulysses S. Grant. 62,000 men in two columns. The South had General Howard and General Slocum. Confederates only had 13,000 men. Took place in Georgia. Total War. Destroyed 100 million dollars in damage of livestock, goods, and railroads. Destroyed the economy because they no longer had transportation. Civilian homes and infrastructure was decimated as well. Lincoln did not endorse, but trusted Sherman.