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Bosnians voted to become an independence state. Serbs wanted Bosnia to become part of Serbian territory and boycotted referendum. Almost all that voted voted for independence. CSCE Article on Referendum
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Citizens of Sarajevo urged Bosnian Serbs to stop provoking violence. Serbian army fired on the citizens. This was the beginning of the violence and attacks on Sarajevo continued until 1996. (image courtesy of NPR) NYT Blog on Sarajevo attack
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UN Security Council Resolution 757. Sanctions prohibited imports to Sebia, sales (except UN approved medical/food supplies, monetary support. American University Case Study on Sanctions
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The purpose of the plan was to keep peace in Bosnia by dividing it into separate territories to appease the separate ethnic groups trying to claim Bosnia as their own. Rejected by Serbs in May 1993. Chicago Tribune on VOPP
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US-implemented no fly zone in Bosnia. Lasted nearly 1,000 days. NATO did this to help implement the Peace Agreement. Operation Deny Flight lasted through December 1995. USAF Historical Studies
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Declared that towns of Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zepa, Gorazde, Bihac, and Srebrenica should be free from hostile attacks. However, they were not adequately supported by UN or NATO troops and many still died there. UN Resolution
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The UN Security council, under Resolution 287, created the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at the Hague, Netherlands. This was the first tribunal since World War II and the first to prosecute genocide. It concluded that the massacre at Srebrenica (July ‘93) was genocide. Image: ICTY.org ICTYICTY Official Site
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69 civilians killed. As a result, declaration of weapons exclusion zone around Sarajevo. (Image: Reuters) American University on Sarajevo
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Agreement between Bosnia and Croatia that contained a constitution that identified Croations and Bosnians as equal. Washington Agreement
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Bosnian Serbs attacked Srebrenica, which was supposed to be a safe zone. Women and girls were put on buses to concentration camps, where many were raped or sexually assaulted. The men and boys were executed or taken to mass killing sites. BBC on Srebrenica
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35civilians killed and 80 wounded. In response, NATO executed Operation Deliberate Force (two week series of attacks on Serb military positions. CNN News Report
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USAF on Operation Deliberate Force</a>UN’s precision air strikes against Serbians. This critically weakened the Serbians and is believed to be the triggering event that led to the peace talks and eventually the Dayton Accords, Image: CNN <a href='http://www.afhso.af.mil/topics/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15873' >
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Peace talks in Dayton, Ohio. Created federalized Bosnia divided between Croat-Bosniak and Serb republic (Republika Srpksa).
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Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia agree to respect the others as independent nations. Also agree to cooperate with the UN in peace settlements and investigation war crimes. Image: BBC news University of Minnesota on Dayton Accords
