Bernstein on the History of Trade Timeline By NicholleKrause 4000 BCE Ancient period - dawn of civilization most strategic materials - copper/tin 3100 BCE Bronze age dawned - Mesopotamia needed tin - still uncertain how they got it 800 Medieval period - sugar industry well established, expensive due to hard to manufacture 1492 New world - easy access to resources/factors of production - sugar can be produced at lower cost 1494 King Manuel of Portugal - Ultimatum to Jews: leave or convert 1498 1498 Vasco Da Game took over ship routes that were destroyed by Black Death Dutch more capital/markets took over Portuguese once they refocused 1504 King Manuel began slaughtering Jews, fled to Brazil - became worlds largest sugar producer 1512 António de Abreu, westerners get to spice lands 1600 early 17th century - Holland & Portugal war to control spice trade - Dutch did not succeed in Western hemisphere 1600 Portuguese population around + 1 million, Spanish doing well 1600 wealthy/elite were the only ones who could afford long-distance goods 1640 Portugal regain independence from Spain - Dutch out of Brazil 1650 Mid 17th century - 23 Jews migrate to NY 1680 Late 17th Century - Wool weavers riot after import of cotton 1689 England changed exports, became rich 1700 Evolving middle class - technology advancements led to goods traveling the world cheaper 1701 Henry Martyn's "Considerations on the East India Trade" published Challenges and tears down mercantilist theory and ideologies of his time 1760 Late into French wars, started importing grain 1773 Britain Allowed East India Company to sell to colonies - First anit-globalization/Protectionist driven riots 1804 Draconian Corn Laws passed 1815 Draconian Corn Laws passed 1820 Per Buchanan - the 19th century was when America had a protectionist ideology - believes we should return to this era of thought 1830 1830's - Start of Cobden addressing corn laws - free trade, cared of moral issues 1832 Corn Law Reform 1840 Taylor and Cobden - Penny Post Implementation 1845 Bad Winter and Irish Potato Blight 1846 Robert Peel - Corn Laws repealed - betrayed party interests (ruined his career) but saved his country 1901 Buchanan believes before the 20th century - trade was important (with the history from this podcast, oh how wrong he is) 1917 Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. First to break story of riots from 1773
