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In 1788, when the first fleet arrived they split the country into 2 parts such as New Holland and New South Wales.
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In 1825, New South Wales grew bigger and the English then colonised Van Dieman's land so that the French could not get power over Van Dieman's land.
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In 1831, the British changed the name from New Holland to Western Australia and were sending free settlers to that area and there were no convicts in Western Australia.
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In 1836, South Australia was discovered and Western Australia started to get convicted in that area and then South Australia then became a free settler area.
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In 1847, half of New South Wales was taken over and North Australia got added and was another area for both free settlement and convicted area.
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In 1851, North Australia got taken out of Australia and Victoria got added and the way they named Victoria is because of Queen Victoria.