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Colombus orginally set off to find another route to Asia. Instead he landed on the West Indies. This is significant because this ultimatly sparked exploration in the west.
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In 1511 trade ships transported African slaves to the Americas. This was significant because this helped Europeans create goods. African slaves would work on plantaions, harvesting or in the factories refining and processing the harvested or mined goods.
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In 1521 Cortez conquered them Aztec Empire due to the advantage of guns and horses. This was significant because this basically desimated all of the aztecs culture eventually killing them off.
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As Pizarro was conquering he obtained a lot of resources and riches like gold and silver ultimatly making Spain richer.
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The founding of Jamestown was a big milestown. This was the first sucessful colony set up in America. This was hard because most of them died of disease, the cold, and other factors. This is significant because it eventually lead to more colonization in the Americas.
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Plymouth was founded in 1620. This was signicant because like Jamestwon it was a sucessful colony that had good relations with the local natives.
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The Frech and Indian War, also known as the seven year war, was between the French and the Indians vs. the British. When the war ended this helped because wars were very expensive.