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Learning is cognitive development shaped by individual differences and the influence of culture
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Learning is individual growth that come about tthrough social experiences
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Computer Driven Flight Simulator trains MIT pilots
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IBM 650 computer teaches binary Arithmetic in NYC
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Faculty/Students in universities across the country use mainframe systems for programming and shared utilities.
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Learning is cognitive growht through neurological and social maturation
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Large-scale, ferderally funded university projects use mainframe/minicomputer systems with schools
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Schools begin using computers for instruction and administration CDC president William Norris (1977) announces PLATO will revolutionize instruction
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Using desktop systems, classroom teachers begin to take back control of instructional and administrative applications from district data-processing offices
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Arthur Luehrmann coins term computer literacy for skills in programming and using software tools (aka word processing) Molnar (1978) warns that non-computer literate students will be educationally disadvantaged
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Field focuses on software publishing initiatives and teacher authoring software. The computer literacy computers-as-tools approach gives way to Logo's computer-based, problem-solving approach
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Learning is cognitive growth through interaction with the environment
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Schools begin to see ILS networked systems as cost-effective solutions for instruction to address required standards; marks movement away from stand-alone systems and toward central server with connected computers
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First Browser (Mosaic) transforms a formerly text-based Internet into a combination of text and graphics. Teachers enter the "Information Super-Highway"
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ISTE sponsors creation of National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) to guide technology skills, first for students, then for teachers and administrators
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Learning is shaped by innate intelligences
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Online and distance learning increases in higher education then in K-12 schools
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issues new, updated standards for teachers, students, and administrators