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Although there had been previous visits to Vinland known today as Greenland by the Norse, the Italian navigator's voyage is the first of any European explorer to navigate the North American coast , which was carried out under the authority of Henry VII of England.
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After the discovery of Canada by the Europeans, there had been an increase in the demand of furs all over Europe which were used to make hats, this led to large settlements on the continent.
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Jacques Cartier first navigated the Gulf of St Lawrence River on his first expedition, then on his second expedition explored the St. Lawrence river which led to the French having a good geographical idea of Canada in the 16th Century.
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During the fur trade, the French had a monopoly on the trade. The French explorers, Radisson and Groseilliers decided to explorer the northern part of the country which there believed had a frozen sea. Upon their arrival back, they were arrested and the premium furs were ceased by the French Government. they therefore left and approached the British which finally led to the creation of the Hudson Bay Company.
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This were series of wars fought by the British and the French in order to gain power over most parts of the world. the battles took pace in North America, Europe etc. , battles happen on land as well as on sea.
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At the crucial point of the Seven years war, the battle between the British Army/ Royal Navy and the French Army was fought on the farmland of Abraham Martin. The battle decided the fate of French control over New France of which the French tried to claim and take back Quebec unfortunately, the British were successful thereby making the French to give up all their remaining possessions in New France in the treaty of Paris.
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This were individuals who remained loyal to the British crown when the Patriots declared the Thirteen Colonies as independent of the United Kingdom during the American Revolutionary War. Most them came to Canada and were very crucial in the creation of governmental and educational educations.
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In what is now present day Manitoba and North Dakota, a colony was founded by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk. The original name was called Assiniboia. It was intended by Lord Selkirk to be a way to form a Scottish colony on the American continent that will be composed of mostly settlers who are farmers, thereby approaching the Hudson Bay Company which initially hesitated to give him the land to form the colony due to fears the colony might affect he fur trade but later offered him the land.
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After the war of 1812 between the United Sates and United Kingdom of Great Britain, there was an increase in the immigration to Canada, of which most of them were English and Scottish immigrants. This was as a result of the loss of jobs caused by the Industrial revolution which made individuals to come to the New world in search of better opportunities.
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The underground railroad were a series of migration through hidden railway routes and shelters in safe havens by black slaves in order to achieve freedom up north in the Northern states of The States where slavery was abolished and also in Canada , estimates believe that throughout that period more than 100,000 slaves migrated up north.
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Due to the blight of Potatoes, there was an outbreak of diseases which reduced the population of Ireland. There is an estimate that states that at least 1million people died from the disease. The deaths caused by the blight together with the immigration out of Ireland led to at least 20-25% reduction of the population at that time. Of which, individuals made settlement on the American continent and other parts of the world.
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The mineral gold was found in the Fraser Valley in the year 1857. The discovery brought with it large numbers of immigrants to British Columbia years after that including large immigrants from San Francisco who were Chinese in origin. Even though the period of the gold mining ended, the Chinese kept immigrating in area known as the Gold mountain today.
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This was a law by the Canadian government to encourage individuals to settle particularly in western Canada and the prairies. The government never compensated the indigenous people for the free lands they gave up to European settlers aged 18 and above. The idea was due to the fear that western Canada will be taken over by the United states.
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The construction of the Canadian Pacific railway facilitated the progress of the western provinces of Canada in particular British Columbia, because it was difficult to get to western provinces from other parts of Canada. The Chinese were very vital in the construction of the railway especially the most difficult parts of the railway which were those between Vancouver and the Rockies. The Chinese workers were underpaid and had to provide for all their equipment needed to work.
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The Canadian government wanted to reduce the immigration of Chinese people in Canada immediately after the Canadian Pacific Railway which was known as the Chinese Immigration Act 1885 was completed but unfortunately the Chinese kept migrating in large numbers which led to the abolition of the head tax and the creation of the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 which only allowed individuals from sectors like education, religious, business to immigrate to Canada.
