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North and South Mesopotamia
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/wam.html -
5500-3000BCE https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/wam.html
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SUMERIAN
tomb of Queen Puabi, Ur (Muqaiyir, Iraq)
c. 3600-2500 BC
lapis lazuli
1 9/16" h (4cm)
This seal was found alongside the body of Queen Puabi, in her tomb (PG 800). The incised design shows two registers of a convivial banquet at which all the guests may be women.
Stok., p 35; Maranci lecture -
Uruk (Waka, Iraq), c. 3400-3200BCE
Stok., pg 29 -
Uruk (Waka, Iraq)
c. 3300-3000 BC
Marble
apron 8"
Stok., p. 30 -
SUMERIAN Uruk (Warka, Iraq)
c. 3300-3000 BCE
Alabaster
36" h.
three registers: the lowest shows the sources of life in the natural world; the middle depicts naked men carrying baskets of foodstuffs; and the upper depicts the goddess Inanna accepting an offering from two standing figures. The upper scene may represent a re-enactment of the ritual marriage between the goddess and her consort, Dumuzi. Found in the temple complex of Inanna
Stok., p. 31; Maranci lecture -
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SUMERIAN
From the Square Temple, Eshnunna (Tell Asmar, Iraq)
c. 2900-2600 BCE
Limestone, alabaster, and gypsum
largest aprox 30" h.
Votive figures of men and women from the Square Temple, in the guise of worshippers. They exhibit standard conventions of Sumerian art such as stylized faces and bodies, clothing that emphasizes pure cylindical shapes, a solemn stance, hands clasped, bold staring eyes. The arched brows were inlaid with dark shell or bitumen.
Stok., p. 31; Maranci lecture -
Royal Tomb, Ur (Muqaiyur, Iraq)
2600-2500BC
Wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood support
head 14" h.
front panel 13" h.
length of lyre 55.5"
upright arm 46.5"
Stok., p. 33 -
Cyclades, c. 2600-2400 BCE, 62.8cm h., marble; Aegean lecture
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Cyclades, c. 2500-2200 BCE, 24.6cm h., marble with red pigment
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Ur (Muqaiyir, Iraq)
c. 2300-2275 BCE
Alabaster
d. 10"
Stok., p 35 -
Nineveh (Ninua, Iraq)
c. 2300-2200 BCE
Copper alloy
14 3/8" h.
Stok., 36 -
AKKADIAN
Sippar; found at Susa (present-day Shush, Iran)
Limestone, h. 6'6"
2254-2216BCE
The Akkadian ruler is depicted in hierarchic scale in a scene of military triumph over the Lullubi people from eastern Mesopotamia as solar deities watch from above. Claims divinity by wearing a horned helmet; speaks to his sacred and political authority as leader. Erected in the courtyard of the sun god temple Shamash. Transported to Susa by a conquering Elamite king.
Stok., pg 26; Maranci lecture -
SUMERIAN
Ur (Muqaiyir, Iraq)
c. 2100-2050 BCE
The ziggurat, dedicated to the moon god Nanna, is located on the site of an earlier temple. Its base is a rectangle with three sets of stairs converging at an entrance gate atop the first of three platforms; the platforms' walls slope outward, probably to prevent rainwater from eroding the mud-brick pavement below.
Measurements: Base 205' x 141'
Stok., p. 37; Maranci lecture -
Girsu (Telloh, Iraq)
c. 2090 BCE
Diorite
29" h.
Stok., p. 38 -
Minoan – Old Palace period, Phaistos, Crete, c. 2000-1900 BCE, 27cm h., ceramic; Aegean lecture
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Sippar; found at Susa (Shush, Iran)
c. 1792-1750 BCE
Basalt
approx. 7'4" h
relief: 28" h
Hammurabi standing in an attitude of prayer before Shamash, the sun god and god of justice, who gives the law to the king. The text below contains a prologue listing the temples Hammurabi has restored, and an epilogue glorifying him as a peacemaker; most of the stele "publishes" the laws themselves, guaranteeing uniform treatment of people throughout the kingdom.
Stok., p. 39; Maranci lecture -
Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers, Room 3 of House Xeste 3, Akrotiri, Thera, Before 1630 BCE; Aegean lecture
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Hattusha (Boghazkoy, Turkey)
c. 1400 BCE
Limestone
Stok., p. 40 -
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12-4
San Lorenzo, Mexico
c. 1200-900 BCE
Basalt
2.26m h. -
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/wam.html from 1200 "on" - unclear when it ends
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12-3
La Venta, Mexico
c. 900-400 BCE
30m h. -
12-1
c. 900-400 BCE
Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico City
Jade, greenstone, granite, and sandstone
16-18 cm h. -
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Late Assyrian/Assyro-Babylonian
palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu (Nimrud, Iraq)
c. 875-860 BCE
Alabaster
39" h.
Probably a ceremonial hunt, in which the king, protected by men with swords and shields, rode back and forth killing animals as they were released one by one into an enclosed area. The immediacy of the scene marks a shift in Mespotamian art away from timeless solemnity toward more dramatic, emotional involvement with the event.
Stok., p. 41; Maranci lecture -
palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu (Nimrud, Iraq)
c. 875-860 BCE
Alabaster
39" h.
Stok., p. 42 -
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq)
c. 721-706 BCE
Stok., c. 41 -
Assyro-Babylonain
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq)
c. 721-70c BCE
Once visitors were granted access to the throne room in Sargon II's palace complex, they would have passed through a stone gate flanked, like other gates of the citadel and palace, by guardian figures. These lamassus combine the bearded head of a man, the body of a lion or bull, the wings of an eagle, and the horned headdress of a god.
Stok., p. 43; Maranci lecture -
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq)
c. 721-706 BCE
Alabaster (gypsum)
H. 4,20 m; L. 4,36 m
Once visitors were granted access to the throne room in Sargon II's palace complex, they would have passed through a stone gate flanked, like other gates of the citadel and palace, by guardian figures. These lamassus combine the bearded head of a man, the body of a lion or bull, the wings of an eagle, and the horned headdress of a god
Maranci lecture -
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From the palace at Nineveh (Ninua, Iraq)
c. 647 BCE
Alabaster
21" h.
Stok., p. 43 -
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Assyro-Babylonian
Reconstruction
Babylon (Babil, Iraq)
c. 575 BCE
Glazed brick
original dimensions: 40' h. wall; 100' towers
Ceremonial entrance to the city. Its crenellated towers symbolized Babylonian power. The walls beyond the gate, like the gate itself, were faced with dark blue glazed bricks and specially molded turquoise, blue, and gold-colored bricks that formed images of lions, bulls, and dragons.
Stok., p. 45; Maranci lecture -
palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, w/ Hanging Gardens to the west of the Processional Way
Marduk Ziggurat in the distance
Stok., p. 44 -
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Iran
518-460BCE
Stok., p. 46 -
Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis, Iran
518-c. 460 BCE -
Detail of relief from stairway leading to the Apadana, Persepolis, Iran
491-486BCE
Limestone
8'4" h.
Stok., p. 47 -
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Polyclitus, active 5th century B.C.
Greece
Marble (after bronze orig.)
Original: c. 450-440 BCE
Man in contropposto, with a tree trunk supporting his right leg, Polykleitos developed a set of rules for constructing what he considered the ideal human figure which he set down in a treatise called "The Canon." His arm is bent, which suggests that he once held something like a spear. The tree trunk and brace strut are Roman additions. Roman copy after the original bronze.
Maranci lecture -
Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
447-432 BCE.
Classical Period
This sacred building was originally dedicated to the goddess Athena, but was also used as Athens' treasury The peripteral octastyle temple is constructed using a post and lintel system. Although today the exterior sculpture has been either destroyed or removed, the western and eastern façades would have boasted high-relief, vibrantly painted sculpture that celebrated the life of Athena.
Maranci lecture -
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height btwn 200-900 CE; death when?
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Forum Boarium (Cattle Market), Rome, Italy.
Late 2nd century BCE.
This Roman temple, built beside the Tiber River, was probably dedicated to Portunus, the god of harbors and ports. It is an early example of a small rectangular temple standing on a platform, or podium. The temple uses the Etruscan system of rectangular cella and a front porch at one end, a broad flight of steps, and a continuous frieze in the entablature.
Maranci lecture -
Forum Boarium (Cattle Market), Rome, Italy.
This Roman temple, built beside the Tiber River, was probably dedicated to Portunus, the god of harbors and ports. It is an early example of a small rectangular temple standing on a platform, or podium. The temple uses the Etruscan system of rectangular cella and a front porch at one end, a broad flight of steps, and a continuous frieze in the entablature.
Maranci Lecture -
Founded by Roman General Sulla - destruction of Etruscan Fiesole (200BC-80BC)
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Early 1st century BCE.
Livia's Villa, Primaporta, Italy
2.03 m tall
marble
This sculpture of Augustus depicts him as he wanted to be seen and remembered, with his arm raised, gesturing which suggests his role as leader, in the pose of a Roman orator. The Cupid at his feet riding on a dolphin refers to the emperor's lineage from the goddess Venus. His breast plate shows many scenes that depict his military and political power.
Maranci lecture -
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Nimes, France
Late 1st century BCE
49m tall, 6m wide
This Roman bridge using rounded arches is part of an aqueduct located near Nimes, France. The aqueduct, built with arcades (linear series of arches), brought water from springs 30 miles north of the city using simple gravity flow.
Maranci lecture -
Rome, Italy
13-9 BCE
Marble
10.5x11.6m
This monument was begun when the emperor Augustus was 50. This general view from the front shows the walled rectangular enclosure surrounding an open-air altar, emulating Greek custom. Marble panels are carved with elaborate sculpture presenting powerful propaganda, uniting portraiture and allegory, religion and politics, the private and public. -
Marble
Rome, Italy
13-9 BCE
10.5x11.6m
This monument was begun when the emperor Augustus was 50. This general view from the front shows the walled rectangular enclosure surrounding an open-air altar, emulating Greek custom. Marble panels are carved with elaborate sculpture presenting powerful propaganda, uniting portraiture and allegory, religion and politics, the private and public.
Maranci lecture -
Rome, Italy
13-9 BC
This is a detail of a relief on the south side of the Ara Pacis. The figures in this frieze represent members of Augustus' extended family as well as scholars. The depiction of children and real women in an official relief was new to the Augustinian period and reflects Augustus' desire to promote private family life and to emphasize his potential heirs and thus the continuity of his dynasty
Maranci lecture -
12-5
Mexico
c. 100-650 CE -
12-7
Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent
The Ciudadela, Teotihuacan, Mexico
c. 200 CE -
Valley of Mexico, Mexico
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12-9
Tikal, Guatemala
Plaster-surfaced stone, built and rebuilt on stone platforms
4th century BCE-5th century CE (this site is specifically 734 CE) -
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12-8
Teotihuacan, Mexico
c. 500-650 CE
Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio
Pigment on lime plaster (fresco)
82 x 116.1 cm -
Denmark
6th c.
silver gilt
5 3/4" h.
Stok., p. 433 -
Excavated in her tomb, Abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris
Burial c. 580-590
Gold, silver, garnets, glass beads
length of pin: 10 3/8"
Stok., p. 432 -
Suffolk, England
1st 1/2 of the 7th c.
gold plaques w/ granulation and inlays of garnet and checked millefiori glass
5" l.
Stok., p. 434 -
Page from the Gospel of Matthew
Probably Iona, Scotland or n. England
2nd half of the 7th c.
ink and tempera on parchment
9 5/8" x 6 1/8"
Stok., p. 435 -
Wearmouth-Jarrow
c. 700-715
Ink and tempera on vellum
20" x 13 1/2"
Stok., p. 437 -
Lindisfarne (England)
c. 715-720
Ink and tempera on vellum
13 3/8" x 9 7/16"
Stok., p. 436 -
Lindisfarne (island off of England)
c. 715-720
Ink and tempera on vellum
13 3/8" x 9 7/16"
Stok., p. 437 -
County Tipperary, Ireland
8th century
Sandstone -
Aachen, Germany
792-805 -
Probably Iona, Scotland
Late 8th or e. 9th century
Oxgall inks and pigments on vellum
12 3/4" x 9 1/2"
Stok., p. 429 -
c. 815-820
Wood
Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamlig, Oslo, Norway
Stok., p. 441 -
c. 817
Original in red ink on parchment
28" x 44 1/8"
Stok., 447 -
9th century
Bronze
9 1/2" h.
Stok., p. 444 -
Westphalia, Germany
Late 9th c.
upper stories mid 12th c. -
Monastery of San Salvador at Tabara, Leon, Spain
940-945
Tempera on vellum
15 1/8" x 22 1/6" -
Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus and Commentary on Daniel by Jerome
Emeterius and Ende, with the scribe Senior
Made for Abbot Dominicus, probably at the monastery of San Salvador at Tabara, Leon, Spain
Completed July 6, 975
Tempera on parchment
Stok., p. 440 -
Right-Hand Stone Ordered by King Harald Bluetooth
Jelling, Denmark
983-985
Granite
3-sided
c. 8' h. -
c. 1125-1150
cutaway drawing
Stok., p. 443 -
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aka Ashikaga era
Ashikaga clan overthrew the Minamoto shogunal family;
ascendance of Zen Buddhism
Zen ink painting -
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Oda Nobunaga > Toyotomi Hideyoshi > Tokugawa Ieyasu
luxurious art and craft versus rustic ceramics -
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