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John Locke
An enlightenment philosopher who argued that the social contract between a ruler and the ruled should only last as long as it serves the people -
Early Steam Engine developed in Britain
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Beginning of British Takeover of India
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The Long Nineteenth Century
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The Seven Years War
A war between France and Russia, ended by Peter III, Russian Tsar -
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Robert Owen
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Cossack Commander Pugachev Leads Russian Peasant Revolt
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The North American Revolution
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Declaration of Independence
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Beginning of British Industrial Revolution
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Abolitionist Movement
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USA Federal Constitution is Established
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Initial British settlement of Australia
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Storming of Bastille
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French Revolution
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Haitian Revolution
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Women's Clubs Banned in France
A sexist, all-male, mentally-inept, unfit-to-be-in-office legislative body bans all women's clubs under the pretense that "women are ill-suite for elevated thoughts and serious meditations… A woman should not leave her family to meddle in affairs of government." -
The French Government Enlists all French Citizens
“Henceforth, until the enemies, have been driven from the territory of the Republic, all the French are in permanent requisition for army service. The young men shall go to battle; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes, and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn old linen into lint; the old men shall repair to the public places, to stimulate the courage of the warriors and preach the unity of the Republic..." -
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Execution of Louis XVI; the Terror in France
A period during the French Revolution, after the royal family had been dealt with, when the nation was ruled by Robespierre. He used terror to "better France". He basically murdered anyone who didn't agree with him -
Napoleon's Invasion of Egypt
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Reign of Napoleon
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End of Slave Trade in British Empire
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Latin American Wars of Independence
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Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion in Mexico
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Locomotives first used to haul coal in England
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Karl Marx
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Brazil Gains Independence from Portugal
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British Trade Unions Legalized
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France Indebts Haiti with an "Independence Debt"
Stupid, racist, French bigots -
Decembrist Revolt
One of the world's shortest and most pathetic revolts. Liberal Russian army officers, who held one of the most pathetic and short-lived rebellions in history.
Radicalized Russian military officers persuaded ~3,000 Russian soldiers to stage an uprising, refusing to swear allegiance to new tsar Nicholas I. Soldiers never showed, and many leaders deserted. ~9,000 loyal soldiers arrived, with the tsar. Soon Nicholas ordered artillery fire, and ~70 rebels died, the rest fled. The uprising was over -
French Invasion of Algeria
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Great Jamaica Revolt
A great revolt of enslaved Jamaican people, which had grand lasting effects: this revolt prompted Britain to outlaw slavery in 1833 -
Reform Bill gives vote to middle-class men in England
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Edward Blyden
Edward Blyden was a West African born in West Indies, educated in the US, who later became a prominent scholar & political official in Liberia. He accepted that races are different but argued each had its own contribution. Claimed the uniqueness of Africa lay in communal, cooperative, egalitarian societies, contrasting Europe's individualistic, competitive, and class-ridden societies. Like Vivekananda, Blyden argue Africa had a global mission "to be the spiritual conservatory of the world" -
Britain Officially Emancipates all British Slaves
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Nguyen Khuyen
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Keshub Chunder Sen
An Indian Reformer, working with the British government -
Beginning of Major British Settlement in New Zealand
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Benjamin Disraeli published Sybil
Sybil described the relationship between rich and poor as “two nations between whom there is no intercourse and no sympathy; who are ignorant of each other’s habits, thoughts, and feelings, as if were dwellers in different zones or inhabitants of different planets.” -
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Mexica-United States War
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Caste War of Yucatán
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Women's Rights Convention Seneca Falls, New York
The first Women's Rights Conference, hosted by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton -
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
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Beginning of railroad construction in Argentina, Cuba, Chile, and Brazil
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Taipin Revolution
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Feminist Newspaper Established in Brazil
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Crimean War
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Indian Rebellion
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Sewers and Industrial Waste Dumped into Rivers
Sanitation conditions in industrial areas were so bad at the time that, for example, Thames River in London smelled so bad that it the British House of Commons had to suspend its session. -
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French Conquest of Indochina
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Emancipation of Serfs in Russia
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Serfs freed in Russia
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Civil War and Abolition of Slavery in United States
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Swami Vivekananda
An Indian reformer who thought a revived Hinduism offered a means to uplift the country’s village communities (the heart of Indian civilization). In travels to America, Vivekananda focused his attention on the cultivation of inner life, rather than service and social reform as he did in India. -
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Conflict Between Paraguay and Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay
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First International Socialist Organization in Europe
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Afterr 1865, Rapid growth of U.S. industrialization
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Radical Reconstruction
An extremely brief period where freed blacks had full political rights and some power, but was followed by harsh segregation laws, denial of voting rights, a wave of lynching, and virulent racism. -
After 1868, Takeoff of Japanese Industrialization
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An Independent All Girls School is Established in Mexico
Nice -
Opening of the transcontinental railroad across United States
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Opening of Suez Canal
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Unification of Germany and Italu
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Unification of Germany
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Scramble for Africa
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Porfirio Díaz's Dictatorship
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Henrik Ibsen Releases Film: A Doll's House
This was a radical film about a woman in a loveless and oppressive/abusive household. In the film, she leaves her husband and children to live a happy life. The film was met with outrage -
Battle of Isandlwana
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Kartini
An elite Javanese feminist. Born into a rich family, during Dutch rule, she went to a Dutch school until she turned age 12. Upon which occasion, she was secluded in her house for 4 years, as was Javanese tradition. She had both feminist and nationalist ideals, which in her case were largely opposing each other. She is said to be a pioneer in Feminist thinking in Indonesia. Died young at the age of 25 -
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French Conquest Against West African Empire led by Samori Toure
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The Indian National Congress is Established
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Cuba and Brazil Abolish Slavery
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Second International Socialist Organization in Europe
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New Zealand Becomes First Country to Grant Women Full Suffrage
This miraculous event was followed by Finland doing the same in 1906. The next country to do so waited until 1946 -
Battle of Adowa
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Marxist Socialist Russians founded an Illegal Russian Social-democratic Labor Party
They quickly involved themselves in workers' education, union organization, and eventually revolutionary action -
United States Acquires the Philippines from Spain and Annexes Hawaii
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Spanish-American War
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Boer War in South Africa
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Spread of Christianity in non-Muslim Africa
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US Steel Corporation had annual budget 3 times larger than US Federal Government
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Completion of Dutch Conquest of Indochina
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Maji Maji Rebellion in East Africa
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Failed Revolution in Russia
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Japan Annexes Korea
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Mexican Revolution
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Wave of Strikes in Britain
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1,250,000 Russian Factory Workers (40%) go on Strike
Tsar's radical reforms weren't enough. Many felt revolution was inevitable -
Russian Revolution
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Women Gain Suffrage in America
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Gandhi's Leadership of Indian National Congress
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Missionaries Attempt to Ban Female Circumcision