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An enlightenment philosopher who argued that the social contract between a ruler and the ruled should only last as long as it serves the people
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A war between France and Russia, ended by Peter III, Russian Tsar
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A sexist, all-male, mentally-inept, unfit-to-be-in-office legislative body bans all women's clubs under the pretense that "women are ill-suite for elevated thoughts and serious meditations… A woman should not leave her family to meddle in affairs of government."
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“Henceforth, until the enemies, have been driven from the territory of the Republic, all the French are in permanent requisition for army service. The young men shall go to battle; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes, and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn old linen into lint; the old men shall repair to the public places, to stimulate the courage of the warriors and preach the unity of the Republic..."
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A period during the French Revolution, after the royal family had been dealt with, when the nation was ruled by Robespierre. He used terror to "better France". He basically murdered anyone who didn't agree with him
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Stupid, racist, French bigots
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One of the world's shortest and most pathetic revolts. Liberal Russian army officers, who held one of the most pathetic and short-lived rebellions in history.
Radicalized Russian military officers persuaded ~3,000 Russian soldiers to stage an uprising, refusing to swear allegiance to new tsar Nicholas I. Soldiers never showed, and many leaders deserted. ~9,000 loyal soldiers arrived, with the tsar. Soon Nicholas ordered artillery fire, and ~70 rebels died, the rest fled. The uprising was over -
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A great revolt of enslaved Jamaican people, which had grand lasting effects: this revolt prompted Britain to outlaw slavery in 1833
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Edward Blyden was a West African born in West Indies, educated in the US, who later became a prominent scholar & political official in Liberia. He accepted that races are different but argued each had its own contribution. Claimed the uniqueness of Africa lay in communal, cooperative, egalitarian societies, contrasting Europe's individualistic, competitive, and class-ridden societies. Like Vivekananda, Blyden argue Africa had a global mission "to be the spiritual conservatory of the world"
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An Indian Reformer, working with the British government
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Sybil described the relationship between rich and poor as “two nations between whom there is no intercourse and no sympathy; who are ignorant of each other’s habits, thoughts, and feelings, as if were dwellers in different zones or inhabitants of different planets.”
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The first Women's Rights Conference, hosted by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Sanitation conditions in industrial areas were so bad at the time that, for example, Thames River in London smelled so bad that it the British House of Commons had to suspend its session.
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An Indian reformer who thought a revived Hinduism offered a means to uplift the country’s village communities (the heart of Indian civilization). In travels to America, Vivekananda focused his attention on the cultivation of inner life, rather than service and social reform as he did in India.
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An extremely brief period where freed blacks had full political rights and some power, but was followed by harsh segregation laws, denial of voting rights, a wave of lynching, and virulent racism.
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Nice
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This was a radical film about a woman in a loveless and oppressive/abusive household. In the film, she leaves her husband and children to live a happy life. The film was met with outrage
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An elite Javanese feminist. Born into a rich family, during Dutch rule, she went to a Dutch school until she turned age 12. Upon which occasion, she was secluded in her house for 4 years, as was Javanese tradition. She had both feminist and nationalist ideals, which in her case were largely opposing each other. She is said to be a pioneer in Feminist thinking in Indonesia. Died young at the age of 25
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This miraculous event was followed by Finland doing the same in 1906. The next country to do so waited until 1946
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They quickly involved themselves in workers' education, union organization, and eventually revolutionary action
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Tsar's radical reforms weren't enough. Many felt revolution was inevitable
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