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Virginia Colony formed
Founded by: Joint Stock Company London Company John Smith----Jamestown Why founded: Colony based on economic interests---Gold---tobacco saves colony Other: Representative Government Houses of Burgesses Royal colony -
Headright System
The headright system, introduced in Virginia, gave each head of household the right to fifty acres of land for himself and fifty additional acres for each adult family member of servant that he brought to America. -
House of Burgesses
was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.[1] The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants -
Mayflower Compact
the first governing document of Plymouth Colony It was written by the Separatists, also known as the "Saints", fleeing religious persecution from James VI and I -
Plymouth Colony
The founder was William Bradford. This colony was created so that people could have religious freedom and start a new life. How this colony was governed was by the Mayflower Compact, Theocracy, General Court, and Royal Colony -
Mass. Bay Colony
John Winthrop was the founder. Most of this colony were Puritans -
Maryland Colony formed
Founded by: Lord Baltimore Founded because: Religious toleration—those who had a belief in Christ Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 allowed for persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Other: Representative government Proprietary colony -
Pequot War
the first serious armed conflict between indigenous people and settlers in New England -
Fundamental Orders of Conneticut
number of pilgrims were being persecuted for their religious beliefs (they were puritans who wanted to "purify" the Anglican religion). They left Massachusetts and colonized the area that is now Connecticut. There, they developed the first written constitution - the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This document called for an assembly of elected representatives from each town to make laws. It also called for the popular election of a governor and judges. -
Rhode Island Colony formed
people responsible: Roger Williams Anne Hutchison Dissatisfied with Mass. Bay Colony Wanted Religious freedom Consent of the governed Self-governing Colony -
Toleration Act of 1649
The Maryland Toleration Act was a law passed in 1649 by the colonial assembly of the Province of Maryland mandating religious toleration of all Christian denominations. As the first such law, it is often seen as a precursor to the First Amendment. -
Navigation Acts
a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies -
Connecticut colony formed
Founder: Rev. Thomas Hooker Reason moved: Religious freedom----frontier and settle new areas How governed: Fundamental Orders of Conn. Self-governing colony -
Halfway Covenant
a form of partial church membership created by New England It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose. First-generation settlers were beginning to die out, while their children and grandchildren often expressed less religious piety, and more desire for material wealth. -
North/South Carolina Colony formed
Founded by a GROUP: John Locke 8 English nobles Why founded: Setup a new colony based upon social classes Failed and divided into 2 parts Other: Representative government Royal colony -
New York Colony formed
Founders: Duke of York of England named it New York Why founded: English fleet takes New Amsterdam from Dutch in 1664 and becomes New York City, Good harbor for trade How governed: 1689---English Bill of Rights Representative government Royal colony -
King Phillip's War
With the passing of the first generation, the personal bonds which had maintained peace between the two very different groups were broken. The children of the original settlers didn't want to keep the treat anymore. -
Bacon's Rebellion
popular revolt in colonial Virginialed by Nathaniel Bacon. High taxes, low prices for tobacco, and resentment against special privileges given those close to the governor, Sir William Berkeley, provided the background for the uprising, which was precipitated by Berkeley's failure to defend the frontier against attacks by Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized but successful expeditions against the tribes and was then elected to the new house of burgesses, which -
New Hampshire Colony formed
Founders: John Mason Sir Ferdinando Gorges Came from Mass. Bay Colony Why founded: Part of Mass. Bay Colony, Religious freedom, Greater opportunity in frontier, Fur, fishing and lumber industry How governed: Royal colony -
Pennsylvania Colony formed
Founded by: William Penn why founded: Penn founded for religious freedom for the Quakers How governed/other: Representative government -
Delaware Colony formed
Founded by: Swedes why founded: Holy Experiment Invited all people other: Royal colony -
Sir Edmund Andros and Dominion of New England
Andros was known most notably for his governorship of the Dominion of New England -
Glorious Revolution
This revolution is called ’Glorious’ because it achieved its objective without any bloodshed. James II came to the throne of England in 1685, after Charles II his brother died. He desired to rule despotically and to re-establish the Roman Catholic religion in England. The common people did not like this. They rose in revolt. This struggle between the King and the Parliament ended in victory for the people. A constitutional monarchy was now established in England. All th -
Salem Witch Trials
a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts -
Founding of New Jersey
Founders: Indian land—Dutch and Swedish gift from King Charles II to brother James---gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret why founded: Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists How governed/other: Royal colony -
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment period of the 18th century was driven by a belief that the human mind could be expanded in knowledge, doing away with superstition and ignorance. During this time, the Catholic Church was considered too restrictive and too dogmatic and therefore at odds with true enlightenment. By embracing science, reason, human rights, morality and nature was one way to explore the hidden world and test all possibilities to arrive at the true nature of being. -
First Great Awakening
was a Christian revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies Jonathan Edwards: Knows for his loud emotional preaching who motivated people George Whitefield: he traveled and preached all around North American and Europe -
Georgia colony formed
Founded by: James Oglethorpe Why founded: Provide a place for debtors could start a new life Buffer against Spanish Florida Other: Royal colony -
John Peter Zenger trial
he was accused of libel. he wrote an article that harshly pointed out the actions of the corrupt royal governor, WILLIAM S. COSBY. It accused the government of rigging elections and allowing the French enemy to explore New York harbor. It accused the governor of an assortment of crimes and basically labeled him an idiot. Although Zenger merely printed the articles, he was hauled into jail. -
French and Indian War
a seven-year war between England and the American colonies, against the French and some of the Indians in North America. When the war ended, France was no longer in control of Canada. The Indians that had been threatening the American colonists were defeated. This war had become a world war. Great Britain spent a great deal of money fighting the war and colonists fully participated in this war. Both these facts were to have a profound effect on the future of the colon -
Pontiac's Rebellion
Pontiac’s Rebellion was actually a war executed by elements belonging to a loose confederation of various Native American tribes of the Great Lakes Region, the Ohio and Illinois countries back in 1763. The war was named after Pontiac, the most prominent leader among the natives. These tribes were basically dissatisfied with the infamous British postwar policies after the French and Indian War. Their warriors joined together for a common cause and formed an uprising to d -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was an attempt to prevent the colonists from going west and passed the Appalachian Mountains. The British did this to prevent future issues between Native Americans and the colonists. This angered the colonists because they wanted the benefits that would come with the western lands. -
Sugar Act
The British placed a tax on sugar, wine, and other important things. The British did this because they wanted more money; the British wanted this money to help provide more security for the colonies. -
Quartering Act
These Quartering Acts ordered the local governments of the American colonies to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers. -
Stamp Act
all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. -
Declaratory Act
The act states that the government can make the colonists do whatever they wanted them to do. -
Townshend Act
collect revenue from the colonists in America by putting customs duties on imports of glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. -
Boston Massacre
The colonists were mad that the British soldiers were sent to guard the towns. One night they started to pester the soldiers and before you know it an outbreak occurred. British soldiers started to fire on the colonists. -
Boston Tea Party
a group of Massachusetts Patriots, protesting the monopoly on American tea importation recently granted by Parliament to the East India Company, seized 342 chests of tea in a midnight raid on three tea ships and threw them into the harbor. -
Tea Act
It was an act established on 1773 by the British Parliament that stated that the East Indian Company would have to cruise directly to the American colonies to export their tea instead of going first to Britain and then export it again to the same colonies. -
Intolerable Acts
series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America. The acts triggered outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies that later became the United States, and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution -
Lexington and Concord
first war of the American Revolution, first shot heard around the world, About 700 British soldiers given orders to capture and destroy military supplies in Concord. -
Olive Branch Petition
First continental congress came together and made one last attempt to ask King George III for them to declare independence. King George refused their offer and remained his rule over the colonies. This petition was the last attempt for the colonies to not go to war with Great Britian for their independece. -
Second Continental Congress
Wrote Decleration of Independence -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Two-day engagement between British forces and American forces. The Americans had occupied Breed's Hill in Charlestown on June 16, 1775, in order to protect the shipyard of nearby Boston. The next day, the British attacked. They took the hill but suffered heavy losses. The Americans fired until they were out of ammunition, then quickly retreated. To conserve ammunition, Prescott told his men, "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes." Even though the battle was fought on Breed's Hill, i -
Declaration of Independence
The thirteen colonies were now individual states and not ruled by the British government. -
Common Sense
Common sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. It told people to think logically about the government and other topics. -
Battle of Saratoga
turning point of the revolutionary war, convinced french to delcare war on the British, french american alliance -
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the reolvutionary war, which resulted in the surrender of the British forces. -
Articles of Confederation
first constitution of America, but these articles made a weak government and ended up failing. -
Treaty of Paris
Ended the American revolutionary war between America and Great Britian. established U.S. boundaries, specified certain fishing rights, allowed creditors of each country to be paid by citizens of the other, restored the rights and property of Loyalists, opened up the Mississippi River to citizens of both nations and provided for evacuation of all British forces. -
Shay’s Rebellion
Poor, veteran, farmers, burdened by debt stage a rebellion in Massachussets that is quickly put down but reveals the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, paving the way for a stronger centralized government (U.S. Constitution). -
Northwest Ordinance
act passed by Congress that allowed the United States to expand towards the West. It also banned slavery in the new territory. -
Constitutional Convention
took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the US Constitution. It was focused on insuring that small states got an equal share of representation in the government. In the final compromise, the New Jersey Plan served as the model for the current US Senate, every state has the same representation, regardless of size and population. -
Virginia Plan
a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative -
Great Compromise
small states and large states got equal representation, not just based on population -
3/5 Compromise
The 3/5 Compromise stated that a slave would count as 3/5 of a person in terms of both taxation and representation. It was called a compromise because it settled the ongoing arguments over regional power between the North and South. Therefore, they compromised that a slave would be counted as 3/5 of a person towards the total population. -
Judiciary Act 1789
Signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789. The act established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general. -
Second Great Awakening
a period of religious revival in the US from 1790 to the 1840sIt followed the First Great Awakening of colonial America. Characteristics of the Second Great Awakening include widespread conversions, increased church activity, social activism, and the emergence of new Christian denominations. The period is considered to have ended with the American Civil War, though its legacy continues to this day. -
Chisholm v. Georgia
s considered the first United States Supreme Court case of significance and impact. -
Whiskey Rebellion
a tax protest because there was a high tax on whiskey. mostly angrey farmers -
XYZ affair
A incident between America and France that almost led to war. President John Adams send 3 spies (X, Y, and z) into France to go spy -
Alien and Sedition Acts
made it harder for foreigners to become citizens, gave the President power to deport anyone of suspicion, and made malicious or false writing about government officials illegal. -
Revolution of 1800
The transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans in a peaceful manner was the most significant and surprising change in the election. It was singled out as a break from European precedent, in which power transfers were often violent and bloody. Another departure from standard politics up to the election was the greater appearance of popular democracy. The vote was ultimately decided upon by the House of Representatives, where members are directly chosen by the people. -
Marbury vs. Madison
The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government. Midnight judges: judges appointed by President John Adams in the last days of his administration. One of these Midnight Judges, William Marbury, sued Jefferson and his secretary of state, James Madison, in the famous Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison. Judiciary Act 1789: law that created the judicial branch of the federal government, th -
Louisiana Purchase
he purchase of the Louisiana territory from Napoleon in 1803 under Jefferson -
Embargo Act
Stated that American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports, and it also closed American ports to British ships -
Nonintercourse Act
Provided that Americans could trade with all nations except Britain and France -
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Lifted embargoes with France, and Britain, and stated that if any of them attacked ship they would stop trade with the other. -
Fletcher v. Peck
was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision. The first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, -
War of 1812
U.S. vs. British war -
Treaty of Ghent
Peace treaty, ended war of 1812 -
Election of 1816
The United States presidential election of 1816 came at the end of the two-term presidency of Democratic- Republican James Madison -
Second Bank of United States
plagued with poor management and outright fraud -
McColluch v. Maryland
The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations. -
Johnson v. McIntosh
private citizens could not purchase lands from Native Americans -
Gibbons v. Ogden
was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution -
Election of 1824
John Q. Adams seemed to have made an unsavory bargain deal with Henry Clay. Clay finished fourth in the electoral vote and so was not eligible to win . He was able to get the states that he had carried to vote for Adams even though Jackson would seem to be the more logical choice for their interests. In return Adams appointed him as Secretary of State, a position which at that time was viewed as a stepping-stone to the Presidency -
Election of 1828
The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson. As incumbent Vice President John C. Calhoun had sided with the Jacksonians, the National Republicans led by Adams, chose Richard Rush as Adams' running mate. -
Indian Removal Act 1830
The act authorized him to negotiate with the Indians in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands -
Nullification Crisis
in 1832, one state(South Carolina) passed a state law saying that a federal (US) law was unconstitutional and therefore did not apply in S Carolina. The US law nullified was a tariff law (taxing goods entering and leaving the US). The President(Andrew Jackson) was going to use military force against S Carolina, but a compromise was reached and S Carolina repealed its nullification law. -
Texas Independence
Texas declared independence from Mexico and became it's own territory. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. -
Election of 1844
Presidents running: James K. Polk and Henry Clay
Polk wins -
Wilmot Proviso
an attempt to prevent legalized slavery in any U.S. territories gained from Mexico following the Mexican War -
Mexican-American war
Americans wanted to expand into Mexican territory. Texas was originally claimed by Mexico but americans claimed that Texas was its own republic and was owned by no one. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
peace treay between America and Mexico. annexed Texas gave the U.S. ownership of California, and a large area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado Mexico said that America had to pay Mexico $15 million -
Gadsden Purchase
United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico -
Ostend Manifesto
U.S. claimed that they had the right to purchase Cuba, and if Spain refused they would go to war with them. -
Panic of 1857
financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy -
First Battle of Bull Run
amateur armies clashed -Confeds. were helped by some last minute reinforcements and by the disorganization of the attacking union, and won the battle. -After battle Lincoln replaced McDowell with McClellan -
Battle Of Antietam
battle in Maryland that ended Lee's first invasion of the North. Known for being the bloodiest day in the war, and led to the Emancipation Proclamation -
Emancipation Proclamation
After victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. -
Sherman's March to the sea
Union General Sherman begins his famous March to the Sea, cutting a swath of destruction 300 miles long and 60 miles wide through Georgia. -
Slavery Abolished
The Thirteenth Amendment is ratified by the States. Slavery is abolished. -
Lee Surrenders
General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant in a farmhouse in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The war is over. -
Alaska Purchase
purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, instigated by William Steward. Was significant because it ridded the continent of another foreign power. -
Rockefeller Incorporates Standard Oil
John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company is incorporated in Ohio. Rockefeller has been active in the oil business since 1863. -
Compromise of 1877
Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South. -
Railroad Strike of 1877
railroad workers walk off the job at Camden Junction, Maryland, initiating a wildcat strike that will shut down thousands of miles of track throughout the northeastern United States. -
Pendleton Act
reduced corruption in the distribution of government jobs, the United States Congress passes the Pendleton Act, there was an examination system for selecting people -
Haymarket Riot
A rally in Chicago's Haymarket Square in support of striking workers from McCormick Harvester Works Ends when a bomb is thrown, killing six policemen and wounding more than 60 others. -
Dawes Act
passed by the U.S. Congress to provide for the granting of landholdings to individual Native Americans -
Wounded Knee Massacre
this battle was more of a massacre. Whites shot upon innocent women and children and men. a massacre in 1890 that started when Sioux left the reservation in protest because of the death of Sitting Bull. The US army killed 150 sioux at wounded knee; last major incident in the great plains -
Homestead Steel Strike
Henry Frick, Chairman of the Board of Carnegie Steel and plant manager at Carnegie's Homestead steel plant, shuts down the factory and locks out its employees when negotiations with representatives from the Amalgamated Association of Steel and Iron Workers break down. -
Populist Party Convention
Thirteen hundred delegates gather at Omaha, Nebraska to select a presidential nominee and draft a platform for the recently formed Populist (or People's) Party. James Weaver is selected as the party's presidential candidate; James G. Field is named the party's vice-presidential candidate. -
Pullman Strike
Workers employed at the Pullman Company, outside of Chicago, go on strike when the company's owner, George Pullman, refuses to reduce rents in the company housing to match announced wage cuts. -
Teller Amendment
authorized the use of U.S. military force to establish Cuban independence from Spain -
U.S.S. Maine
America had a battleship docked in Cuba. Maine suddenly exploded and sunk. America blamed Spain through yellow journalism, one cause of the Spanish-american war. -
China Open Door Policy
Multiple nations said that they claimed a region or dock in China that will be used for trade. America suggested that China make an open door policy so any nation can trade and own a part of china. -
Election of 1900
re-match of the 1896 race between Republican President William McKinley and his Democratic challenger, William Jennings Bryan. Mckinley won. -
Boxer Rebellion
uprising in China, China was fed up with other imperial powers in their country, also protested against having the freedom of religion and not having to believe in christianity. -
Platt Amendment
treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention. It permitted extensive U.S. involvement in Cuban international and domestic affairs for the enforcement of Cuban independence. -
Roosevelt Corollary
addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that no European countries were allowed to intervene in Latin American affairs. The only way that the U.S was allowed to become involved was if the affairs or European countries was threatened. -
Gentlemen’s Agreement
informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S. -
Election of 1908
William Howard Taft vs. William Jennings Bryan. Taft won -
Founding of the NAACP
Stands for The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. hey are committed to raising awareness for political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens in the electoral process -
Mexican Civil War (Revolution)
disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz -
Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson – Democrat
Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive (Bull Moose Party)
William H. Taft - Republican
Eugene Debs – Socialist Wilson won. This election was about womens rights and the right to vote and tarriffs. -
Panama Canal
The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal. -
First Red Scare
widespread fear of anarchism in America. Most of the population was paranoid that the nation would fall into anarchy. -
Red Summer
summer and fall of 1919, in which race riots exploded in a number of cities in both the North and South. In most instances, whites attacked African Americans. In some cases groups of blacks fought back -
Harlem Renaissance
A blossoming of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. The term New Negro, where blacks felt they had a place. signifignt people: claude McKay, Marcus Garvey, and Langston Hughes. jazz was created -
Jones Act
cargo moving between U.S. ports be carried in a vessel that was built in the United States and is owned by the U.S. -
Election of 1932
The United States presidential election of 1932 took place in the midst of the Great Depression that had ruined the promise of the incumbent President Herbert Hoover to bring about a new era of prosperity. -
New Deal
series of economic programs enacted in the United States after the Great Depression. Led by FDR -
Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
the United States used its massive, atomic weapon against Hiroshima, Japan. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was the American foreign policy in 1947 of providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism -
Creation of NATO
created to protect America along with 11 other nations but the Soviets created Warsaw to counter -
Fall of China to Communism
The "fall" of mainland China to communism in 1949 led the United States to suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades. -
Korean War
he Korean War began on June 25, 1950 as a civil war between North and South Korea, but the conflict soon became international when, under U.S. leadership, the United Nations joined to support South Korea and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) entered to aid North Korea. The war left Korea divided and brought the Cold War to Asia. -
Election of 1952
The United States presidential election of 1952 took place in an era when Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was escalating rapidly.
