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1492
Columbian exchange
The Columbian exchange started with Columbus's discovery of the New World, the Americas. Making the "old world into a new world". It was an exchange of -
1492
Columbus's discovery of the new world
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed west in search of a trading route. His ambition changed the world. Columbus is credited with discovering the Caribbean and after he found South America. His discovery began the European colonization of North and South America. And this sparked the travel to the "new world" to begin the life of America. -
1509
Triangular trade
The triangular trade was a system of transatlantic trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The first leg of the trip was sending European products from Europe to Africa, where they were traded for slaves. Then, the slaves were transported to the Americas and sold. -
1517
The middle passage
The middle passage was a part of the triangular trade, and transported millions of slaves to the "New World". It was terrible conditions, and many didn't survive the trip. There was a lot of disease. Once the ship would make it to the ''new world'' the slaves would be auctioned off like livestock. -
Jamestown
Jamestown was the first permanent settlement in the "new world", and people came in search of money, and land. Because land = freedom. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment brought non-religious thoughts to Europe and reshaped the way people understood issues such as liberty, equality, and individual rights. Today those ideas serve as the cornerstone of the world's strongest democracies -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening represented the first time African Americans embraced Christianity in large numbers. They were taught that you don't earn your way to heaven, it's a gift. But this caused some tension between the old and new lights. -
The British Crisis (pre-revolutionary war)
Sugar act - Stamp act - Quartering act - -
The Boston Massacre
The Sons of Liberty were there protesting to enforce unpopular taxation measures passed by a British parliament that lacked American representation. And began to throw rocks at some of the British soldiers, and the soldiers took it as a threat and began to shoot the sons of liberty(patriots) and kill the group of protestors. -
The Boston Tea party
The Boston Tea Party sparked from the Boston Massacre and was an act of rebellion from the Sons of Liberty to gain respect from the government. They threw 8 million dollars worth of tea into the ocean. So the government gave them attention by showing them that this wouldn't be tolerated. The government outlawed assemblies, took total control of the colony government, the Quartering Act was enforced, trade and commerce were regulated, high taxes were enacted and tea was highly taxed. -
The second Continental congress
The Second Continental Congress assumed the normal functions of a government, appointing ambassadors, issuing paper currency, raising the Continental Army through conscription, and appointing generals to lead the army. However, the powers of Congress were still very limited. -
The opening of America
The opening of America refers to the period of exploration and colonization that began in the late 15th century and continued into the 17th century. This era was marked by significant events, including the voyages of Christopher Columbus. his expedition opened the door for further exploration and the eventual colonization of the Americas by European powers. -
The declaration of independence
The Declaration summarized the colonists
motivations for seeking independence. By declaring themselves an independent nation, the American colonists were able to confirm an official alliance with the Government of France and obtain French assistance in the war against Great Britain. -
The battle of Saratoga
Saratoga was a turning point in the Revolutionary War. The American defeat of the superior British army lifted patriot morale, furthered the hope for independence, and helped to secure the foreign support needed to win the war. -
York Town
General Cornwallis and his troop retreat to the coast of Yorktown, Virginia for the winter and the protection of the Royal Navy. Cornwallis didn't know the French Navy had defeated the British battle of the Capes in September. So the French army cornered him and his troops once they got to Yorktown, and the french conquered Cornwallis and his troop. -
Establishment of the court system
The establishment of colonial America was a multifaceted historical process characterized by exploration, colonization, conflict, and the systematic control of Indigenous people. Understanding the process is vital for grasping the complexities of modern American society. -
Shays rebellion
Shay's rebellion was an armed uprising led by Daniel Shays, Driven by widespread economic hardship and resentment towards the state government policies, the rebellion highlighted critical weaknesses in the articles of confederation, the first governing document of the United States. -
The 3/5 compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves were counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation. -
The first presidential cabinet
The cabinet's structure and roles were not explicitly defined in the constitution. Washington largely established the precedent for the cabinet system through his own practices. The cabinet members' advice was vital, helping shape the new nation's policies and direction. The relationships between these key figures were often complex an shaped the political landscape of the early republic. -
North West ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was a significant piece of legislation in American history that established a framework for governing the Northwest territory. This territory included the land that would become the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. The ordinance set forth a method for admitting new states to the union from this territory, ensuring that they would have equal status with the original states. -
Pinckney's treaty
Spain gave the Americans the right to freely travel on the Mississippi river, and use the port of New Orleans. However the Mississippi river was part of the Spanish territory. They got permission to use it for 25 years, but this caused worry that the Spanish might not keep their word. -
Establishment of the presidential system
The establishment of the U.S. presidential system was a deliberate and carefully considered process, driven by a rejection of monarchy. Influenced by enlightenment ideals, and shaped by the constitution and subsequent historical practices. it's a system that continues to evolve, adapting to the changing of political and social landscape -
Hamilton's financial plan
Hamilton's vision for the economic foundation of the United States included three main programs: 1) the federal assumption of state debts, 2) the creation of a Bank of the United States, and 3) support for the new nation's emerging industries. -
The tenth amendment
The tenth amendment states that the government should be reserved to the states, unless it's the federal government. The states should be able to regulate whatever isn't in the constitution. -
The Whisky rebellion
The whisky rebellion was a significant event in American history that occurred in the 1790's. It was a response to the tax imposed on distilled spirits, particularly whisky. This tax was seen as unfair by many farmers and distillers, especially in the western regions of Pennsylvania, where whisky was a vital part of their economy. -
Adam as president
John Adam's single term as president was marked by significant challenges both domestically and internationally. it's often considered a less celebrated presidency compared to his predecessors and successors, but it was none the less a pivotal period in American history. -
Jefferson as president
Thomas Jefferson's presidency is often remembered as a period of republican simplicity and expansion. however, it was also a time of significant challenges and contradiction. His key accomplishments include the Louisiana Purchase, the emphasis on agriculture, and the Judicial reform. -
Marbury v Madison
James Madison a member of Jefferson's cabinet finds the letter granting John Marbury a federal judgeship. So Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver it. The Supreme Court sides with Madison and refuses to grant Marbury the position based on the fact that they find part of the judiciary act unconstitutional and therefore void it. In doing so the Supreme Court claims the right of the Judicial review. -
The Embargo act
The Embargo Act was a significant piece of legislation in the early history of the United States. Enacted during President Thomas Jefferson's administration, it aimed to exert economic pressure on Britain and France amidst their ongoing conflict. The act prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations, intending to protect American interests and maintain neutrality. -
War of 1812
The war of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain, was a defining conflict in early American history. While often overshadowed by revolutionary war, it solidified American independence, shaped national identity, and had lasting consequences. -
The battle of Thames
The Battle of the Thames, fought on October 5th, 1813, near present-day Chatham, Ontario was a pivotal battle in the War of 1812. It marked significant turning points in the war's northwestern theater and significantly weakened British and Native American forces in the region. -
British burn the capital
British troops under the command of Admiral George Cockburn, set fire to several key government buildings including the U.S. capital, The president's mansion, and the U.S. treasury building. The burning was intended to be a symbolic act to demonstrate British power and demoralize the American government's population. -
The battle of new orleans
The Battle of New Orleans, although technically fought after the conclusion of the war, remains a significant and celebrated event in American history. It boosted national morale, propelled Andrew Jackson to national prominence, and solidified American control of a crucial strategic region. -
Election of 1824
None of the candidates secured a majority of the electoral votes. throwing the election into the house of representatives. Jackson won the popular vote and the most electoral votes but fell short of the majority. But there is a reason to believe the voting was rigged. -
The second great awakening
The second great awakening was a period of religious revivalism in the United States. Charcterized by fervent emotional preaching, widespread conversions, and the establishment of numerous new religious denominations and social reform movements. -
the reign of king "mob"
This term is used to describe the period of intense social and political upheaval in the United States during the early 1830s, particularly during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. It doesn't refer to a specific, formally defined period, but rather a characterization of the era's political climate. -
Transportation Revolution
The transportation revolution primarly occuring in the United States in the late 1800's, was a period of significant advancements in transportation technology and infrastructure that profoundly reshaped the nations economy, society, and geography. -
Seneca falls convention
Seneca falls convention is recognized as the first women's rights convention in the United States. This pivotal event marked the beginning of the women's suffrage movement, where activists gathered to discuss the social, civil, and religious rights of women. The convention produced the declaration of sentiments a document that outlined the grievances and demands of women, echoing the language of the declaration of independence. -
Compromise of 1850
The compramise of 1850 attempted to appease both pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions by making concessions to each side. However, it ultimately failed to resolve the fundamental conflict of salary and instead caused more tensions. Ultimatley contributing to the escalation of sectionalism and the outbreak of the civil war. -
Bleeding kansas
Bleeding kansas refers to a period of violent political conflict in Kansas territory. Precedin the American civil war. It stemmed directly of the Kansas Nebraska act, which allowed for popular sovereignty. Meaning the residents would vote to decide whether the territory would be free of slave. -
The Dred Scott case
The Dred Scott decision was a deeply flawed and controversial ruling that depended on the sectional divide over slavery, ultimately contributing to the Civil War. By denying Black people basic rights and declaring Congress powerless to restrict the expansion of slavery. And also shows that even the free states could have slaves. -
The overland trail
The overland trail was a dangerous but vital pathway westward expansion, representing both the aspirations and hardships of transformative period in American history. -
The Anaconda plan
The Anaconda plan, though initially criticized, provided the framework for sa uccessful union strategy, through the naval blockade and control of major waterways, systematically weekend and ultimately defeated the confederacy. -
pacific railroad act of 1862
The pacific railroad act of 1862 was a pivotal piece of legislation that fueled westward expansion, connected the nation, and transformed the American economy, not without controversy and significant social costs. -
the homestead act
The Homestead act profoundly shapede American history, opening up vast tracts of land for settlement, contributing to significant agricultural development and westward expansion, thought it also came at a high cost to Native Americans and was not without it's internal contradictions and flaws -
Lincoln's 10% plan
Lincoln felt that the nation could only be unified again if there were no feelings of animosity. Pardons would be given to any Confederate leader who swore an oath to the Union. Any state could be readmitted once at least 10 % of its voters had sworn loyalty to form a new constitution that outlawed slavery. -
The 14th amendment
The 14th Amendment is a cornerstone of American Constitutional law, guaranteeing citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, significantly expanding the rights of all Americans, particularly those previously excluded or marginalized. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a landmark declaration that, while not immediately freeing all enslaved people, fundamentally altered the course of the civil war, transforming it into a fight for freedom and significantly contributing to the eventual abolition of slavery. -
the 15th amendment
The 15th amendment, while initially limited in its practical effect by discriminatory practices, fundamentally altered the legal framework regarding voting rights in the U.S. guaranteeing suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. A pivotal yet incomplete step towards full political equality. -
The wounded knee
The Wounded Knee massacre was a horrific act of violence that served as a powerful symbol of brutality and injustice upon native Americans during the westward expansion of the U.S. It remains a somber reminder of a dark chapter in American history.