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Map of the empire's largest extent
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Very important African regional state
22 kings ruled before Muhammad & follower's hijra
Most likely developed for military protection from camel-riding nomads
Center of trade for gold, ivory and slaves -
Artist renderence of Muhammad holding the Quran
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Founder of Islamic beliefs and Islamic empire
Merchant, orphaned at 6 years old
Married into power
Very influenced by Christianity and Judaism -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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Wendi (Yang Jian) was the original ruler: very tight rule
Built the Grand Canal (2nd emperor: Sui Yangdi -- tyrant)
Decline: constant deaths, forced labor, taxes increased, failed to overtake Korea, many assassinations of leaders
Compared to Qin dynasty -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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Tang Taizong - violent, but effective (China stable during his reign)
Ruled by a bureaucracy
Believed in Confucianism
Empress Wu Zhao (only female leader, took power from others)
Similar to Han dynasty
Equal field system
Most famous inventions included the Grand Canal
Fall attributed to lazy rulers, uprising peasantry, nomadic invasions, and tax increase -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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First Muslim dynasty
Tight centralized rule
Elite class had administration problems
Merchant class was the most prominent -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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Korean dynasty
Resisted Chinese forces (Tang Dynasty)
Ended up compromising: no Chinese forces in Korea, but the Tang emperor would be an overlord for the Koreans [benefited both] -
Artist's view of the cities
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Land divided into 61 provinces
Ruled with Imperial Beuracracy
Influenced by Buddhism -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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Cosmopolitan
No privileged class
Not conquerors
Harun Al-Rashid was Islam's golden age (during the Abbasid Dynasty)
Declined because of power based civil war and non-Arab invaders -
Map of Charlemagne's furthest-reaching borders during his reign
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Lived 742-814
Ruled western Europe
King of the Franks
Christian believer
"Father of Europe"
Named Holy Roman Emperor
Ruled through military strategy
Encouraged learinging and schools
Monasteries grew during his reign -
Artist's depiction of women during the Heian period
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Aristocratic government
Dynasty named for capital
Decline because of civilian unrest/uprisings -
Map of the kingdom's largest extent
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Map of the empire's largest extent
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Wealthy kingdom
Controlled sea trade
Deeply influenced by Indian culture
Religions: Hinduism then Buddhism -
Built by Sundiata
Benefited largely from trade
Controlled & taxed all trade
Traded salt and other goods for gold
Capital: Niani (attracted merchants of all kinds)
Honored Islam, but didn't fully accept it allowed people to choose their own religion -
Map of the control of the Saljuqs during the Abbasid dynasty
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Power hungry group of people
Made iron to trade
Lasted for many centuries and declined because of lack of power -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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Small dynasty (not very powerful)
Many scientific and technological discoveries/inventions
3 main classes (Gentry, Middle class, Largest class)
Status of women declined -
Final separation between eastern and western churches
East: led by Michael Cerularius [ruler of Constantinople]
West: led by Pope Leo IX [ruler of Rome] -
Map of the routes taken by the Normans
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Four people fighting over England's throne, one selected
Two attempted to invade but failed
Third invasion (Normans) succeeded
All possible heirs except the leader of the Normans died, making him king -
Artist's depiction of the First Crusade
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Byzantine Empire, Italy, and France rallying together to fight the Turks who were rapidly gaining land
Considered a holy war
Began because there was a "calling" from God to destroy these people groups
Land fought upon was considered Holy Land -
View of a city in the extensive empire
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Andes Region
Many different cultures mashed into one large one
Focused on agriculture and roadway systems
Downfall: disease and Spanish invaders -
Artist's depiction of the Fourth Crusade
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French and Italians usurping the Byzantine empire's current ruler
Considered the last of the four holy wars
Ottoman Turks overtook Constantinople -
Map of the Mongol empire's largest extent under Chinggis Khan's rule
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Lived 1162-1227 CE
United the Mongol tribes
Conquered almost all of Eurasia
Was a conquering king, not a governing king -
Map of the Sultanate of Delhi's largest extent of power
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Islamic dynasties in India
Ruled by sultans
Declined because of revolts -
Map of the kingdom's largest extent
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African society
City where the Kings were in complete control of all trade, taxes, and military ventures
Started buildings with wood then moved to stone -
Map of the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan's rule
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Lived 1215-1294 CE
Chinggis Khan's grandson
Warrior-like and culturally based
Ruled China/Great Khan -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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During the Mongol Empire
Mongols and Chinese natives were not allowed to intermarry/mix
Had foreign leaders -
Map of the full extent of the Mongol's empire across Eurasia
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Called the Great Khan
Ruled by Khubilai Khan
Attacked Song dynasty (1272)
Mongols and Chinese not allowed to mix (Mongols viewed as elite/superior class) -
Map of the routes taken by Marco Polo
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Marco Polo: traveler who journeyed across Europe and Asia
Remained in China as a valued guest for 17 years
Was possibly given a seat of power during the Mongol's reign
Wrote an influential book of his travels -
Map of the routes taken by Ibn Battuta
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Moroccan traveler
Muslim scholar
Known for traveling across the Islamic Empire -
Map of the largest extent of land controlled by Mansa Musa
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Lived 1280-1337 CE
Extremely wealthy great grandson of Sundiata
Ruled Mali Empire
Devoted to Islam
Declined because of military pressure, provinces seceding, and factions against the central government -
Artist's depiction of the spread of the Bubonic Plague
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1330's: Southwest China to the rest of China and Central Asia
1340's: Southwest Asia and Europe
Caused a decline in Mongol leadership
Killed 1/2+ of populations -
Map of the greatest extent of Tamerlane's empire
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Turkish conqueror, built an empire very similar to the Mongols
Humble beginning, walked with a limp
Influenced India, Persia and Ottoman empires
Constantly conquering other empires
Empire destroyed soon after his death (heirs = power struggle) -
Artist's depiction of the Hundred Year's war
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A war between France and England
Fought over power/line of succession and a specific area of land (duchy of Guyenne)
Armies were paid to fight
Famous warrior: Joan of Arc (French peasant girl, believed she was called to lead France to victory)
Knights were no longer used (longbows and guns replaced swords)
Resulted in a breakdown of the feudal system
Modern France and England were born -
Map of the empire's largest extent
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After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty (led by the Mongols)
Native Chinese ruled the dynasty
Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang
Advanced use of porcelain
Was home to the Forbidden City
Ming dynasty ended because there was nothing to learn from "barbarian" people groups
Ended Chinese age of exploration -
Map of the routes taken by Zheng He's expeditions
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Commanded treasure fleets that traded across Asia and Africa
Demonstrated Chinese power and wealth
Helped expand China's trade and influence
Muslim believer -
Sultan Mehmed captured and destroyed Constantinople
Caused the end of the Byzantine empire
During the Ottoman Empire
