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Jamestown
Jamestown was establisehd in response to European coutries attempting to increase their wealth and power by extending to U.S.
-Markets, gold & silver
Tobacco was the main cash crop in Jamestown- easy to grow, addictive. -
Headright System
An attempt to solve labor shortages due to the tobacco economy. -
Pilgrams and Puritans
-The city on an hill was intended to be a beacon, a shining example to the rest of the town what they could become with cooperation.
-The Puritains believed in predestination: the fate of each soul is known to God at birth
-Puritains had no religous tolerance towards any, only themselves
-Work Ethic: emphasizes hard work and diligence as a constant display of a person's salvation in the Christian faith -
Mayflower Compact
The 1st governing document of Plymouth Colony, to establish own government -
The Halfway Covenant
The Half-Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership, it was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose
-Those who accepted the Covenant and agreed to follow the creed within the church could participate in the Lord's supper. -
Bacon's Rebellion
-An armed rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon which klll people in their villiages and burned the colonial capital of Jamestown to the ground
-Effect on slavery: Brought down indentured severvants, rise of Afircan American slaves
-Bacon's Rebellion demonstrated that poor whites and poor blacks could be united in a cause -
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Deism Floursihes
-the combined rejection of religious knowledge as a source of authority and reason of believing the natural world are suffiencent to determine the existince of a single creator -
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Great Awakening
~The period of religous revival
The religious revival of the Great Awakening melded the colonists in a way that would not have been possible otherwise. -
Proclamation of 1763
The proclamation closed of the frontier to colonial expansion, provided that all rivers which flowed into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or northwest were off-limits to the colonists. Excluding Ohio Valley from settlement -
Effects of the French and Indian War
-British expansion, enlarging of Britsih debt
-Sugar Act, Stamp Act ~The Navigation Acts were an attempt to end the period of salutary neglect and create a coherent imperial policy. The Acts were poorly enforced, and they continued until the end of the 7 year war -
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American Revolution
French money, munitions and soliders were the main reason for the win for America. Their disiplend soliders and bayonett signficantly helped the US -
Declaration of Independence
Containing, the Introduction, Preamble, Indictment, Denunciation and Conclusion.
-The purpose of the declaration of independence was to explain the separation of the colonies from Britian -
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Articles of Confederation
-The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government that mostly, prevented the individual states from conducting their own foreign diplomacy.
-Shay's Rebellion, a revolt by angry farmers in Massachusetts~ This would cause for Alexander Hamilton to throw out the AOC and draft the Constitution.
-The 3 fatal flaws of The AOC were its:
Economic disorganization
Lack of central leadership
Legislative inefficiencies -
Land Ordiance of 1785
-Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States.
-The immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states -
The Constitution
-Congress was granted the power to lay and collect taxes, to regulate interstate commerce, and to conduct diplomacy as the single voice of the people in international affairs.
-The Constitution created a government comprised of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
-Major Amendments of the constitution: 1-10 Amendments
-Hamilton stated that the constituion has potential, and if it were not adopted civil war would outbreak -
Founding Fathers
Founding Fathers did not anticipate or desire the existence of political parties, viewing them as "factions" dangerous to the public interest. Founders' republican ideology called for subordination of narrow interests to the general welfare of the community -
Bill Of Rights
-The Bill of Rights is the founding fathers' way of saying "NO!" to big government, popular opinion and socialist-leaning collectivists who desire to strip away the very rights that made America successful over the last two centuries. -
Washington's Neutraltrality Proclamation
-The Proclamation of Neutrality was an announcement issued by President George Washington , declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war. -
Washington's farewell address
-Washington urged Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances with other nations. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
- they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
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The Cult of Domesticity
The cult of domesticity, is a view about women in the 1800s. They believed that women should stay at home and should not do any work outside of the home. -
Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, as the first peaceful transition of political power between opposing parties in U.S. history, however, the election of 1800 had far-reaching significance. -
Marbury v. Madison
-Marbury v. Madison was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
-The decision was that Marbury had the right to his commission but the court did not have the power to force Madison to deliver the commission -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana.
-With the purchase of this new territory, the land area of America nearly doubled. -
Eli Whitney
-Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin significantly increased the amount of slaves in the US
-nearly imported 80,000 Africans
-By 1860 1/3 of Southerners was a slave -
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The War of 1812
-The War of 1812 was a military conflict, lasting for two-and-a-half years, between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its North American colonies and its American Indian allies.
-The immediate causes of the War of 1812 were a series of economic sanctions taken by the British and French against the US as part of the Napoleonic Wars and American outrage at the British practice of impressment. -
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Hartford Covention
The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. -
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Andrew Jackson
-Andrew Jackson, was a significant force of Indian removal. In 1814 he commanded the U.S. military forces that defeated a faction of the Creek nation.
-In 1823 the Supreme Court handed down a decision which stated that Indians could occupy lands within the United States, but could not hold title to those lands.
-The Jacksonians believed that voting rights should be extended to all white men.
-Manifest Destiny, this was the belief that white Americans had a destiny to settle the American West -
American System
The American System was an economic plan that played a big role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. The plan consisted of three parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
-The creation of canals improved the nations waterways -
Missouri Compromise
-The Missouri Compromise was a federal statute in the United States that regulated slavery in the country's western territories.
-It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north, except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.
-This caused Maine to join the US as a free state and Alabama as a slave state -
Transcedentialsim
Transcendentalism is a religious and philosophical movement as a protest against the general state of spirituality. -
Monroe Doctrine
-he Monroe Doctrine was developed because the United States and Britain were concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas.
-Britain feared that Spain would attempt to reclaim its former colonies, which had recently gained independence.
--The Monroe Doctrine argues that European influence should be removed from North America, the United States tried to gain European land on the continent of North America, often by annexation. -
Lowell System
The Waltham-Lowell System was a labor and production model employed during the early years of the American textile industry. -
"Tariff of Abominations"
-Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
- John C. Calhoun strongly opposed the tariff, he urged nullification of the tariff within South Carolina.
-On July 14, 1832, Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832 which made some reductions in tariff rates.[ -
William Lloyd Garrison
-William Lloyd Garrison was a American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.
-He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, which he founded in 1831 and published in Massachusetts until slavery was abolished by Constitutional amendment after the American Civil War. -
Bank of US
-President Andrew Jackson announces that the government will no longer use the Second Bank of the United States, the country's national bank.
-He then used his executive power to remove all federal funds from the bank. -
Election of 1844
The United States presidential election of 1844, Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issue of slavery expansion through the annexation of the Republic of Texas. -
The Know Nothing Party
-The Know Nothing movement was an American political movement that operated on a national basis during the mid-1850s.
-purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants
-Nativism and anti-Catholic sentiment. -
Treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
-The war officially ended with the signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
-The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention.
-The meeting had six sessions, included a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society. Stanton and the Quaker women presented two prepared documents, the Declaration of Sentiments and an accompanying list of resolutions, to be debated and modified before being put forward for signatures -
Compromise of 1850
-Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in an attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South.
-The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War
-CA is admitted as a free state, Fugitive slave laws-required that all escaped slaves were, upon capture, -
Popluar Sovereignty
Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives who are the source of all political power. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-The Kansas–Nebraska Act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. -
John Brown
-John Brown was a white American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States.
Brown's followers also killed five slavery supporters at Pottawatomie.
- In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture.
-Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging. -
Dredd Scott
-Dred Scott v. Sandford, was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court held that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court
-To Northerners, this decision was like a declaration of war on all of the ideals and freedoms awarded them by their states and territories, which stood opposed to the institution of slavery -
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Civil War
-Caused by unfair taxation, states' rights, and the slavery issue.
-North, Bigger pop. better manufactering, better rail roads
-South, fighting on own turf, defending -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
