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Settlers that were residing in Virginia were granted 100 acres of land. The new settlers who paid their own way to the New World were granted 50 acres of land. Lastly, anyone who was paying for passage of another was also granted additional 50 acres of land per person. -
The great awakening was a time period where Whitefield and Edwards had a goal to revive the people's relationship with God. Their purpose was to convince people that religious power was in the power of their own hands, and not in power by the Church. These two men overflowed people with a passion for God and religion. -
in Philadelphia a month after the revolution begins with shots at Lexington and Concorde all 13 colonies send delegates. They establish a continental army in appointed general to lead which is George Washington They establish a continental army in appointed general to lead which is George Washington. they begin printing a paper currency to pay the soldiers and they organize a committee to deal with foreign nations. -
Benjamin Franklin had been in France trying to gain an ally to support us in the war. The French wanted revenge on Britain for the seven years old but didn’t want to back us without knowing we’d win. News of our victoria Saratoga sealed the deal for us and the French agreed to send troops in their Navy to help us. -
On December 25th, 1776 George Washington lead a daring surprise attack against the British and Hessian mercenaries. Washington took his first step towards his attack by crossing the Delaware River. All the troops he took had a very low moral but they always had a ton of respect towards him. He leads an ill-equipped army plagued by deserters, lack of training, and poor funding. He attacks Trenton new jersey on Christmas night and he gets to publish that he got a victory for once. -
The battle of saratoga represents a major turning point within the war. British general John Burgoyne and his army plan to move south where he will meet up with two British armies and face the continentals. The other two armies are not there when he arrives, so he is quickly surrounded and forced to surrender with his whole army. This war helped persuade the French to recognize American independence and to openly provide military assistance. -
After a grueling campaign through the Souther colonies, General Cornwallis retreated to the coast of Yorktown, Virginia for the winter and the protection of the Royal Navy. Cornwallis was not aware however the French Navy had defeated the British fleet at the battle of the capes in September. Americans and French laid siege to the British position and with nowhere to turn Cornwallis surrendered on October 20th, 1781. -
In the year 1783, the French and Indiana war is officially over after a long hard seven years. In terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, which ended any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. -
After the war, many farmers were in deep debt and the people who could not pay the dept lost all their farms. Angry farmers in Massachusetts began to rebel under the leadership and they took over courthouses to prevent the farms from being foreclosed. The Federal Government is too weak with no standing army. A private army was commissioned by wealthy Boston business owners to stop shays from advancing. This was unsuccessful, it shone a light on the weakness of the articles of confederation. -
the Spanish gave the Americans the right to freely travel on the Mississippi River and to use the port of New Orleans. This resolved territorial disputes between the two countries. This finally defined the border between the united states and Spanish Florida. -
The alien Act allowed the president to deport any alien considered dangerous. Any person that the president felt was a threat to him or his place in office could be deported just like that. The sedition act made it illegal for newspapers to print any material that was critical of the president or of congress. People started to get angry with these laws because they affected the rights of the first amendment. -
Infuriated by the laws, some states began to review the act and decided to nullify the laws that were in place. stated that since the constitution was a "pact" between the states and federal government if the government did something to break the pacts the states could decide that these laws were void in their state. This was called nullification. -
He starts to worry that the US could lose control over New Orleans and access to the Mississippi River. In 1803 he sends over James Monroe to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans. Napolean is not interested unless they take the whole Louisiana territory for $15 million. -
James Madison, a member of Jefferson's cabinet finds the letter that is granting John Marbury a federal leadership. Jeffersons orders Madison to not deliver the letter, and Marbury sues for this reason. The supreme court sides with Madison and refuses to grant Marbury the position based on the facts they find part of the Judiciary Act. They claim the right of "Judicial review" or the right to declare laws unconstitutional and strike down. -
Great Britain and France are at war again. We finally have a decent trading relationship with both of them, so Jefferson wants to remain neutral. He imposes an embargo on all foreign trade. Unpopular among merchants, traders, business companies. It does great damage to the American economy but it does encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing
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The embargo act of 1807 hurt trade but spur domestic manufacturing in with the growth of cotton in the south textile factory spring up to spin the cotton into fabric. such textile mills often employed young unmarried women in factories lead to longer hours worked ,division and social classes, new sensitivity to time, and early labor unions. -
On October 5th, 1813 the British and Indian forces are defeated by the American forces in Canada. This battle ended with Tecumseh's death ending the Indian resistance in the Ohio river valley. This results in enabling the United States to consolidate its control over the northwest. -
The British navy is taking American sailors from their ships and forcing them into service on British ships. This is called impressment. The British army is supporting native American resistance by providing weapons and training. The United States want to prove to Britain that the victory of the American revolution was not all luck. Americans demand respect from the world and American inferiority complex "chip on your shoulder". It ended with the exchange of ratifications of the treaty of Ghent -
August of 1814, the British army invades us and marches on Washington dc. The nation was in the midst of a war, but whenever word got around of approaching forces most of the population fleed. this left the capital very vulnerable. After a brief fight, the city surrenders, and nearly all government buildings are razed into flames. On this day Dolly Madison becomes a national hero for saving a portrait of George Washington from being looted by the British troops -
Francis Scot Key, a prisoner on a British barge witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry near Baltimore for 12 hours. In the morning he observed that the American flag still flew over the fort and he writes a poem "the defense of ft McHenry" and it later becomes a song. Americans started to sign this poem to honor all the men and women lives that were lost and of our joy in being an American! -
American forces are a multicultural band of experienced soldiers and warriors. The British which is a train army or virtually mauled by American forces hiding behind earthworks and cannons. American forces in New Orleans are led by General Andrew Jackson whose army in flakes great casualties on the British army. 2042 British soldiers and 71 American soldiers in this battle. Jackson will be associated with winning the war and people will assume that this which is responsible for ending the war -
railroads are quickly connecting cities and towns across our nation allowing people to travel easier, faster, and cheaper than ever before. they link companies with the source of the raw materials, workforce, customers, and retail and shipping. Ironhorse has allowed farmers to sell agricultural products and pollution is formed from trains. The American railroad mania began with the founding of the first passenger and freight line in the nation of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. -
signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy.This resulted in the forced removal and migration of many eastern Indian nations to lands west of the Mississippi. -
still angry about the tariff of abomination to the south threaten to know if I the law and John C Calhoun believes the tariff is unconstitutional because it favors the north. I said she thinks the states could declare the law null and void and Jackson believed in preserving the union and fought nullification. it was recommended to Congress to reduce the tariff of 1828 so they pass the lower tariff in 1832. -
Jackson and Congress were to grant him the ability to use military force to compel South Carolina to accept and follow the law but meanwhile Henry Clay proposed another tariff in Congress that would reduce tariffs. he came up with a compromise tariff and both of these passed in 1833 in South Carolina repealed it’s ordinance. it stated that the president had the power to use the military to enforce the collection of import duties if a state refused to comply with federal tariffs. -
It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the rio grande. Polk began to prepare a war message to Congress, justifying hostilities on the grounds of Mexican refusal to pay U.S. claims and refusal to negotiate with Slidell. That evening he received word that Mexican troops had crossed the Rio Grande. The United States received the disputed Texan territory, as well as New Mexico territory and California. -
this treaty ended the war between the United States and Mexico.By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States. -rio grande
-texas is ours
-arizona
-new mexico
-nevada
-california -
California enter the union as a free state in the slave trade is abolished in Washington DC. strict fugitive slave laws are enacted nationwide and territories applying for statehood will now be governed by the concept of popular sovereignty. this defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. -
Kansas must hold an election to decide if they will enter the union as a free or slave state. some leading voices for abolition were William Lloyd garrison, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Brown. proslavery speakers were John C Calhoun and Preston Brooks. major issues were sovereignty, states rights, and economic slavery. repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces following the creation of the new territory of Kansas -
popularity of canes increased in the aftermath of the caning of Senator Charles Sumner. A speech was made by Senator going against bleeding Kansas it was per abolitionist railing the south and Senator Preston Brooks beat Sumner until he was unconscious. Preston Brooks became a hero in the south. One of the very famous quotes from this speech was “you can have my cane when you pray it from my cold dead hands” -
he had very violent actions in Kansas but also was 1 million it cruciate her for abolitionism in a very divisive figure. North he was viewed as a hero but in the south he’s a violent madman. Robert E Lee comes to take down John Brown eventually. -
after taking office Jackson fired many government employees he dismissed more than 200 and critics accused him of rewarding Democrats instead of choosing qualified men. Jackson felt that ordinary Americans could fill government jobs instead of just the wealthy. The spoil system is the practice of awarding supporters with government jobs. his heart and soul was with the ““ plain folks and he believed that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements. -
The journey took six months or more put heavy on families and women suffrage from loss of companionship and heavy responsibilities. One and 10 died along this long journey in between 1840 and 1860 more than 250,000 people made the trek west. Mexico told people they can come for free land but Mexico eventually shut off borders and told them only Catholic/no slaves could come and Americans came to Mexico illegally. -
this proclamation was to signify the important shift of ending slavery but not fully yet. if we came into sees territory all slaves will be free but they have to agree to come back into the union. they’re going to fight to keep their slaves no matter what it takes or what circumstances they have to go through. this was the start of ending slavery fully but not always done quite yet. -
pardons would be given to any confederate leader who swore oath to the union/constitution in the also agreed to emancipation. any state could be readmitted once at least 10% of its voters had sworn loyalty oaths. States had to form state constitutions that overload slavery. this was not the proclamation of amnesty/reconstruction of 1863 -
African Americans put into the army but they got paid less than white soldiers were being paid. they were being used as manual labor just like slaves had been used for in the past. they had segregated units and white officers were the leaders of all of the black units. The highest amount of free slaves were in the state of Massachusetts. Black units March through to Labre plantations and black troops for freeing slaves. -
in this election we see Abraham Lincoln versus Mccellan. Mccellan battles for presidency but he does not really care who wins. The votes were 212 for Abraham and 21 for Mccellan. even though he did not when he continue to explain to people that he could do a better job of maintaining the union army unlike Lincoln did in the past -
50% of states voters how to swear oath of loyalty and only non-Confederates were allowed to vote or had political offices. Lincoln refused to sign the bill stating that it was too harsh on the south. this was a bill to guarantee to certain States whose governments have been usurped or overthrown a republican form of government, proposed for the Reconstruction of the South. -
Appomatix is where all of the supplies are being held. Grant split his team into two different sides to distract Lee. he has one side of his army sit down one path and the other one is coming in from the other way. he is doing this to distract Lee and take his mind off of what he wants. Lee gets to appomatix to find all of the supplies are gone and he’s surrounded by grants team. he then has no other choice but to surrender so that is how it ends with him surrendering. -
even though Lee had no choice to surrender he surrendered his sword to grant but Grant says he respects him enough and gives him his sword back. Grant has a Lotta respect for him about how hard he was working towards the battle between him so that is why he decides not to keep his sword. this is officially the end of the war in the south has finally been defeated -
at first radicals were excited by johnson‘s deep hatred of planters so he issued a reconstruction plan similar to Lincolns 10% plan it had a 10% clause for returning to the union and abolition of slavery clause for state constitution (13th amendment) Johnson for gave confederate states of all of the war debts that they had created. they had drafted state constitutions that stated succession was forbidden in southern states did not include voting rights for freed blacks in their constitution. -
The main idea for this was to help newly freed blacks They made schools for blacks and they also negotiated labor contracts for them. they also secured loans for the blacks and helped find and purchase land for the ones that they have lost. providing legal aid is also a main issue for the bureau for helping them. The 14th amendment is what came out of this. -
Cities are being torn into rubble in the economic life was at a hault. The agriculture was nothing but green weeds and slave labor system collapsed and it was not until 1870 did the south produce a large staple of cotton. -
unpopular 15th amendment the radical Republicans to remain in control but lost the super majority. Andrew Jackson in general grant go ahead ahead an election. Andrew Jackson was so unpopular that he actually lost to grant. It was the first presidential election to take place after the conclusion of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. It was the first election in which African Americans could vote in the reconstructed Southern states -
recognize that African-Americans need to vote in this prohibited any states from denying any citizens the right to vote regardless of race color or previous condition of servitude. unpopular in the north and won the Democratic party much-needed North support. this gave African-American men the right to vote for once -
these violent acts were meant to intimidate the freed blacks and also white Republicans from voting. The most famous of these was the Ku Klux Klan or the KKK. efforts are being centered around the idea of a re-dimension or the end of reconstruction. -
democrats gain more power but still lag behind the Republicans. Grant had served two terms so there was no incumbent. this race was between Samuel Tilden and either Ford B Hayes. this put Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in office in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Republicans and Democrats responded to the economic declines by shifting attention from Reconstruction to economic recovery. -
Jim crow comes up with a set of laws and it was a system of laws ensuring social segregation and transportation accommodations school courts and etc. Which all arose in every southern state. redeemer Democrats systematically exclude black voters in Jim Crow laws legalize segregation/restrict black civil rights. By 1910 the process was complete in north and federal government did not do a lot to stop it. -
this was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". The court ruled a 7 to 1 vote. Plessy argued that Louisiana's segregation law violated the 13th Amendment banning of slavery and Ferguson believed it violated the 14th Amendment. -
the United States declared war against Spain.The reasons for war were many, but there were two immediate ones, America's support on the ongoing struggle by Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule, and the mysterious explosion of the battleship U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor. The main issue was Cuban independence. Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish colonial rule. The U.S. backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish American War. -
Upon arriving in New York City, most immigrants found themselves moving into the Lower East Side of the city. Most notably the East Village, Astor Place, Kleindeutschland, Alphabet City, Five Point, Chinatown, Little Italy, and the Bowery. These neighborhoods were crammed together in the area bordered by Fourteenth Street on the north, Broadway and Pearl Street to the west, Fulton Street to the south, and the East River to the east -
The primary goal for many of the early settlement residents was to conduct sociological observation and research. For others it was the opportunity to share their education or Christian values as a means of helping the poor and disinherited to overcome their personal handicaps. By the 1900 there was more than 100 settlements in America. The most influential houses were in the larger cities of the Northeast and Midwest. -
Tenement housings were cramped, poorly ran, no indoor plumbing, and under ventilated. They were hotbeds of vermin and disease and were frequently swept by Cholera and tuberculosis. This is was led to the act being created, which increased the awareness by the public of the poor livings conditions. This gave Americans a different and better view of what the underclass people were having to live through and survive on. -
Mine Workers in the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania striked for higher wages, shorter workdays, and the recognition of their union. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to major American cities. It strengthened moderate labor leaders and progressive businessmen who negotiationed as a way to find peace. It enhanced the reputation of President Theodore Roosevelt as well. Miners returned to work after both agreed to settle the strike and come to a conclusion. -
The 18th amendment which illegalized the manufacture, transportation, and use of alcohol was passed by the U.S congress in 1917. They put this law into place to reduce the crime rate and corruption, solve many social problems, reduce the tax burden, and just to improve the overall health of Americans. Women believed that this would help keep their husbands less angry and cause a better and healthier life for everyone. Even though this law exists people found many ways to smuggle it in and enjoy. -
The muckrakers provided detailed, accurate journalistic accounts of the political and economic corruption and social hardships caused by the power of big business in a rapidly industrializing United States. Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell, during the Progressive era who tried to expose the problems that existed in American society as a result of the rise of big business, urbanization, and immigration. They wanted all Americans to know how the world was really functioning. -
Passed by Congress on June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. achieving this mile stone was not easy for the women of the 1920s they had to go through decades of protesting and fighting for the rights that they deserve. The women of this time period were beaten and jailed, they were given unconstitutional things happening to them. none of them ever gave up but only a few who were in the beginning of this battle live to see the victory. -
Woodrow Wilson was a leader of the Progressive Movement and was the 28th President of the United States. After a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War I, Wilson led America into war in order to make the world safe for democracy. He led a period of progressive reform before steering America through the battle of World War I. A champion of peace, he pushed for the creation of the League of Nations, which was designed to solve future international conflicts though diplomacy. -
President Hoover was the 31st president of the United States. Hoover was an unusually active and visible cabinet member, and becomes known as "Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments". On the other hand he was the main reason for the great depression, while he did have some good to him he let our country down hugely. He led us through a whole period of poverty and struggles. Americans were becoming jobless, homeless, and ill all because he did not step up to the plate. -
The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period. As high winds and choking dust swept the region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed and crops failed across the entire region. Economic depression followed with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices and the resulting wind erosion all were causes of the dust bowl happening. -
A Hooverville was a shanty town that was built during the Great Depression by the homeless. They were named after President Hoover during the onset of the depression and was widely blamed for the creation of Hooverville's. These were built commonly around soup kitchens or cities where people could get free meals. President hoover was the reason the people were living in these conditions because he was not a strong leader, and only put the people deeper and deeper in poverty. -
The Bonus Army, gathered around 10,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans with their wives and children and all converged on Washington, D.C. in 1932, demanding immediate bonus payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression. They worked hard for our country and they felt it was only right to receive their bonus payment. Marchers massed at the U.S. Capitol on June 17 as the U.S. Senate voted on the Bonus Bill. The bill was defeated by a vote of 62–18. -
The New Dea helped improve the lives of people suffering from the events of the depression. In the long run, New Deal programs set a precedent for the federal government to play a key role in the economic and social affairs of the nation. Roosevelt's New Deal aimed at promoting economic recovery and putting Americans back to work through Federal activism. New Federal agencies attempted to control agricultural production, stabilize wages, and create a vast public works program for the unemployed. -
This act of May 18, 1933, created the Tennessee Valley Authority to oversee the construction of dams to control flooding, improve navigation, and create cheap electric power in the Tennessee Valley basin. TVA encountered many setbacks and failures. It was involved in many controversies. But it brought electricity to thousands of people at an affordable price. It controlled the flood waters of the Tennessee River and improved navigation. -
This act was created as a safety net for all Americans and was intended to supplement income. This provided for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment Americans had been less inclined to retire because they would lose their income. -
The WPA carried out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. This was the biggest agency in the 1935 and by that year 8 million people and had a $2 million fund. This fund went towards bridges, reservoirs, irrigation, schools, playground, and education. The work programs all paid minimum wages but also pulled people off of unemployment and soup lines. -
The G.I Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments in the constitution. Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, this act provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. It put higher education within the reach of millions of veterans of WWII and later military conflicts. The G.I bill would guarantee American citizens employment, health care, education, and housing. -
On July 1945 Churchill, Truman, and Stalin meet up and decide how to deal with Germany and Japan. The main aims of the Potsdam Conference were to finalise a post-war agreement and to pressure Japan. They agreed that there was to be “a complete disarmament and demilitarization of Germany” and all aspects of German industry that could be utilized for military purposes were to be dismantled. as As well as German military and paramilitary forces were to be eliminated -
The Yalta Conference was a meeting of three World War II allies: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The trio met in February 1945 in the resort city of Yalta, located along the Black Sea coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Each leader had an agenda for the Yalta Conference: Roosevelt wanted Soviet support in the U.S, Churchill argued for free elections and Stalin demanded a Soviet sphere -
One of the first major conflicts of the Cold War broke out in Azerbaijan, the northernmost province of Iran. British and Soviet troops had jointly occupied Iran since 1941 to protect oil reserves from falling into German hands. At the end of the war, the British withdrew their troops, but the Soviets refused to withdraw their forces hoping to force oil concessions from the Iranians. -
The groundwork was laid out by Allied delegates for an international postwar organization to maintain peace and security in the postwar world. The organization was to own considerably more authority over its members than the defunct League of Nations, which had failed in its attempts to prevent the outbreak of World War II. The General Assembly grew over time as more nations joined the UN. Spurred by the creation of new nations as a result of the postwar decolonization of Asia and Africa, -
The Soviet invasion came as a fulfilment of Stalin's promise that was made to British and American leaders at the Tehran and Yalta conferences . This promise was to join the war against Japan following the defeat of Nazi Germany. But it also came in violation of the Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact which was an issue. Stalin wanted to avoid a two-front war at any cost yet the Soviet leader also wanted to extract gains in the Far East as well as Europe. On August 15 japan had surrendered the war -
A speech that was written by British Prime Minister Winston Churchhill in Missouri, he stressed the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism. It not only made the term “iron curtain” a household phrase, but it coined the term “special relationship,” enduring alliance between the United States and Great Britain. It is a speech that offered a blueprint for the west to ultimately wage and win the Cold War -
As the United States faced a new Cold War with the Soviets, Congress approved $400 million of military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947. Less than a year later, Congress authorized legislation to provide $13 billion of aid to Western European nations, known as the Marshall Plan. The United States sent $400 million to both nations to be used in resisting communism. The United States established long range missiles in these nations, capable of reaching Moscow -
With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. Truman Doctrine successfully convinced many that the United States was locked in a life-or-death struggle with the Soviet Union, and it set the guidelines for over 40 years of U.S.-Soviet relations. This Clearly aimed at stopping the spread of Communism. -
The House Un-American Activities Committee was charged with investigating allegations of communist influence and subversion in the U.S. during the early years of the Cold War. Committee members quickly settled their gaze on the Hollywood film industry, which was seen as a hotbed of communist activity. A group of 10 Americans that were investigated for possible communist beliefs or threats. The Hollywood Ten were a part of the American Film Industry and were sentenced to 6 - 12 months in prison. -
Jackie was the first African American to be invited to play in the major leagues. He was beat, spiked, spit on, and rejected from playing games. Other teams refused to play in the game if he was going to be playing. He was not aloud to use the restroom or even enter a gas station while they were on the road to the games. Jackie was an inspiration to the civil rights community because he never retaliated, he stayed strong and proud of who he was. He inspired millions of people to stand up. -
After the POTSDAM the Allies officially divided Germany into the four military occupation zones, France in the Southwest, the United Kingdom in the Northwest, the United States in the South, and the Soviet Union in the East. -
The Marshall Plan was a U.S. program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive in the aftermath of World War II. It was formally called the European Recovery Program. The Marshall Plan contributed to rebuild the Western European economies by controlling inflation, reviving trade and restoring production. -
The United States and Great Britain merged their zones. After tensions arose between Soviets and the Western powers.Two German nations known as East and West Germany were created in this year. East Germany was ruled by the USSR but this was whenever Germany was still independent. The Federal Republic of Germany allied to the Western democracies, and the German Democratic Republic allied to the Soviet Union. -
Objecting to the unified West German state implied by the currency as well as the circulation of the currency in western Berlin, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin cut land routes between western Germany and Berlin on June 24. The blockade separated two million west Berliners from their normal sources of supply. At the height of the Airlift, one plane reached West Berlin every thirty seconds. Seventeen American and eight British aircraft crashed during the operation. -
The generation makes up a portion of the world's population, especially in developed nations. There was a spike in birth rates after World War II. In the United States, around 3.4 million babies were born, more than ever before in United States The kids born in this time era was the result of a strong postwar economy, Americans felt confident they would be able to support a larger number of children. Boomers also influenced the economy as a core marketing for products tied to their age group. -
Elvis Presley brought rock-and-roll music to the masses during the 1950s with hits such as "Love Me Tender" and "Heartbreak Hotel." Rock and roll sent shockwaves across America. Rock and roll music celebrated themes such as young love and freedom from the oppression of middle-class society. It quickly grew in favor among American teens during the 1950s, thanks largely to the efforts of disc jockey Alan Freed. -
Levi and Sons created a type of neighborhood that changed the views of life in the 1950's. These types of neighborhoods were called Levittown's because they were all built the exact same way and all costed around $8,000. These would allow families to move out of all of the apartments or other buildings of the inner cities. These neighborhoods were a huge shift in history because it was fulfilling a part of the Amer dream home ownership. -
Motherhood during this time was known as a job because it gave the women of the 50's a source of independence and self control. When the baby boomers wave came through the mothers had to step up to the plate and be there and support their new children and husbands as well. This had a huge impact in history because knowing you have to be there and be supportive of a human so it encouraged the women to attend college. They already knew they were successful but college completed the American dream. -
when both men and women observed strict gender roles and complied with society's expectations. After the devastation of the Great Depression and World War II, many Americans sought to build a peaceful and prosperous society. Conformity was common, as young and old alike followed group norms rather than striking out on their own. Though men and women had been forced into new employment patterns during World War II, once the war was over, traditional roles were reaffirmed. -
Cars were blooming in the 1950's because this was a time where people needed away back and forth from their destinations. Receiving a car during this time was a sense of freedom because they felt they were not chained down where they could go, they were free to go anywhere they want to go. People could live further away in a good living space and still attend their job because their car was their way to work everyday. Cars was closely tied to the growth of the suburbs and interstates. -
The 1920's was the era for nuclear bombs. They taught Bert the turtles duck and cover in all grades in school to teach the children what to do if a nuclear bomb was to go off. The procedure was practiced in the 1950s and '60s, during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies following World War II. The procedure was to get down wherever you were and duck and cover until the alarm was done. You would first see a huge flash which meant a nuclear bomb. -
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. A 1954 landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws supporting segregation of public schools unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation. It helped convince the Court that even when some factors were equal, segregation still existed in children. -
In 1944 and 1945 the Red Army drove across Eastern Europe in its fight against the Nazis. After the war, Stalin was determined that the USSR would control Eastern Europe. That way, Germany would not be able to use countries like Hungary or Poland as a staging post to invade. Stalin wanted Eastern Europe under his power both as a defense buffer to protect the Soviet motherland and to expand socialisms. He believed that history determined that the world would eventually become socialist. -
The United States broke the Soviet atomic spy ring in the early 1950s, after the USSR had already accomplished its goal of acquiring the American information its scientists needed to build an atomic weapon. On June 17 the Rosenberg's were arrested on suspicion of being a spy and after having been named by Sgt. David Greenglass. One of their contemporaries in New York was running a Soviet spy ring of his own, which he built for seven years after the Rosenberg's were arrested. -
Television is one of the more valuable inventions in history. It is a powerful tool to educate viewers across the world. Nowadays, Television is considered as the main source of information for people, because it enables us to receive the latest news from all over the world. It became very useful with drills for nuclear bombs, what goods were available, and job offerings. Television has had an impact on society by helping young people develop values and form ideas about the world around them.
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Eisenhower advocated for the highways for the purpose of national defense. In the event of a ground invasion by a foreign power, the U.S. Army would need good highways to be able to transport troops and material across the country efficiently. This played on the cold war fears which made evacuation easier and it would act as emergency runways. This was the largest public works project made in history so far. -
They made their way through a crowd shouting absurd sayings and protesting against African Americans. Once the students reached the front door the National Guard prevented them from entering the school and forced home. Eisenhower ordered the troops of the 101 Airborne division into Little Rock to ensure the teenagers made it to school. This was had a huge impact on history by creating the first integrated school. 9 ordinary teenagers stepped up to the front lines in the battle for civil rights. -
The debates turned out to be the turning point of the campaign, it was held on television which attracted publicity. Polls revealed that more than half of all voters had been influenced by the debates, 6 percent claimed that the debates had decided their choice. This was one of the closest in American history. John F. Kennedy won the popular vote by 100,000 votes. Nixon won more individual states than Kennedy, but it was Kennedy who prevailed by winning key states with many electoral votes. -
Ruby Bridges was the very first black student to desegregate William Frantz elementary school school. At six years old Ruby's bravery helped pave the way for Civil Rights actions in the south. She was escorted to and from school everyday by armed federal marshals while parents, community members, and even the students were shouting insults, throwing food at ruby, and even protesting all towards a six year old girl. Ruby was an innocent six year old little girl wanting to get a good education. -
A major confrontation brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to war over the presence of the Soviet nuclear armed ballistic missiles in Cuba. A U2 spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviets. President Kennedy did not want them to know that he had discovered the missiles. The Soviet did not remove missiles from Cuba because they were willing to do so. Instead, they escaped from the U.S. that was provoked by these missiles. -
James became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi. He applied the first time but was denied admittance. He appeals the decision all the way to the supreme court and finally wins. As a result of his win, the governor tries to block his entrance and says he is not welcome. In Martin Luther King's famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” he called James a hero of the civil rights movement. 500 Marshals and National Guard troops are called in to keep peace on the campus. -
President Kennedy signed Cuba quarantine proclamation, oval office, white house due to the discovery of society missiles facilities on the island a week earlier After many long and difficult meetings, Kennedy decided to place a naval blockade around Cuba. The goal of this quarantine was to prevent the Soviets from bringing in more military supplies and Blocked shipments of missiles, bombs, warheads and support equipment. He demanded the removal of the missiles and the destruction of the sites. -
Martin Luther King Jr had been fighting for equal rights for several years now. He was protesting in Birmingham Alabama at this time and had been arrested. He had been convicted of disobeying a police officer and was fined $14, he then choses to spend 14 days in jail to put up a fight. While he is jailed he writes a letter named "Letter from a Birmingham jail" which argues that individuals have a moral duty to disobey unequal laws. His opening letter inspired millions of people around the world.
