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31 B.C.-14 A.D. - Augustus Caesar's long rule saw a huge expansion in the Roman Empire and the beginnings of a dynasty that, over the next century, would transform Rome. Augustus had ended 100 years of civil war and achieved over 40 years of internal peace and prosperity.
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100-40 B.C. - Julius Caesar played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. When Caesar returned to Rome, the Senate granted him triumphs for his victories over Gaul, Egypt, Pharnaces and Juba, rather than over his Roman opponents.
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B.C.
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172-168 B.C. - Rome declared war on Macedon in 172 B.C., because many of the activities of Perseus, in the foreign policy arena, were unfriendly to Rome, but in early engagements, Rome did do well against the Macedonian phalanx.Finally, in a great battle at Pydna, the Macedonian phalanx was entirely routed by superior Roman tactics and discipline. After this, the Macedonian Empire was divided into four provinces, independently governed, but under the influence of Rome.
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200-196 B.C. - The Second Macedonian War was the first war in which the Roman Republic made a major military effort in Greece, and it marked an end to the power of Macedonia. The war was ended in 205 by the Peace of Phoenice.
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215-205 B.C. - The First Macedonian War was caused by the decision of Philip V of Macedonia to form an alliance with Hannibal in the aftermath of his series of great victories against Rome in Italy. Most of the fighting was between Philip V of Macedon and the Aetolian League and their respective allies.
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264-261 B.C. - Rome's interference in a dispute on the Carthaginian-controlled island of Sicily broke out the first Punic War. The war ended with Rome in control of Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's emergence as a naval power as well as a land power.
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451-450 B.C. - The Twelve tables were written by ten commissioners at the insistence of the plebians. The written recording enabled the plebians to become acquainted with the law and to protect themselves against patricians' abuse of power.
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27 B.C.E.-476 C.E. - The Roman Empire is defined as the period of time when the city of Rome ruled the known world. The Roman Empire began when Augustus Caesar become the first Emperor of Rome.
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476 A.D. - A combination of such factors as Christianity, decadence, lead, monetary trouble, and military problems caused the fall of Rome. Emperors moved the capital away from the city of Rome and moved the seat of western government from Rome to Milan.
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753 B.C. - Rome was founded by the twin sons of Mars, Romulus and Remus. They found their own city on the river banks in 753 B.C. Romulus, for which Rome was named after, became the first king after killing his brother.
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149-146 B.C. - The Romans captured and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 B.C. This turned Africa into another province of the Roman Empire.
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218-201 B.C. - Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca invaded Italy and scored victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before he was defeated at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C. This left Rome in control of the western Mediterranean and most of Spain.
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509-264 B.C. - The republic began in 509 B.C. after the overthrow of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last of Rome's seven kings. In the early Roman republic, important political offices and institutions were created. The changes resulted in a political struggle between the patricians and the plebians. There were two different popular assemblies: the centuriate assembly and tribal assembly. Rome began to expand.
