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Jan 1, 1500
Conquistadors
Spanish explorers -
Jan 1, 1500
New Spain
a colony that Cortes made plans to build -
Jan 1, 1500
Mestizo
mixed Spanish and Native American population -
Jan 1, 1512
Hernando Cortez
led the attack on the aztec army and ultimately was responsible for their downfall -
Jan 1, 1513
Juan ponce de Leon
Spaniah explorers -
Jan 1, 1550
Pope
Pueblo religious leader -
John Smith
a carved adventurer -
Joint Stock Companies
Stock Companies alled several investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony -
Indentured Servants
limited terms of servitude for passage to America -
John Winthrop
first governor of Jamestown -
Powhatan
Native American tribe -
Jamestown
one of the first colonies of the New World -
New Mexico
Spain's northern holdingss -
Headright System
if you pay your own passage to Virginia from England, you get 50 acres of land -
Separatist
people who fled England to escape persecution -
Plymouth Colony
the second permanent English colony in North America -
New Netherands
established by the West India Trading Company -
Royal Colony
a colony that is under direct control of the King of England -
Puritans
church members who wanted to purify the Church of England -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
colony established by John Winthrop -
Roger Williams
an extreme seperatist -
Pequot War
war between Pequot Tribe and English settlers -
Anne Hutchinson
was baniahed from the Puritan colony -
Metacom
Wampanoag chief -
Mercantilism
the idea that all countries were in a competition to see who has the most silver and gold -
Parliament
the legislative body of England -
Navigation Acts
a series of laws enacted by parliament to tighten England's control of trade in its American colonies -
Proprietor
the owner of the colony -
William Penn
was committed to the Quakers -
Quakers
believed that God's inner light burned in everyone -
King Philip's War
Native Americans burned and attacked outlying settlements -
Nathaniel Bacon
raised an army to fight against the Native Americans -
Dominion of New England
Maine to New Jersey colonized to New England -
Sir Edmond Andros
chosen to rule New England -
Samuel Adams
a powerful and influential political activist -
Stamp Act
requires colonist to purchase special stamped papers for every legal document, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and almanac, and imposed special "stamp duties" on packages of playing cards and dice -
Townshed Acts
a series of laws enacted by Parliament establishing indirect taxes on goods imported from BRitain by the British colonies in North America -
Boston Massacre
a clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in which five colonists were killed -
Committees of Correspondence
one of the grous set up by American colonists to exchange information about British threats to their liberties -
Boston Tea Party
the dumping of 18000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor by colonists to protest the Tea Act -
Martial Law
rule imposed by military forces -
Intolerable Acts
a series of laws enacted by Pariament to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party -
Second Continental Congress
approved the Declaration of Independence and served as the only agency of national government during thr Revolutionary War -
MInutemen
patriot civilian soldiers just before and during the Revolutionary War, pleadged to be ready to fight at a minutes notice -
Olive Branch Petition
urging a return to "the former harmony" etween Britain and the colonies -
Loyalists
those who opposed indepence and remained loyal to the Crown -
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia lawyer that wrote the Declaration of Independence -
Common Sense
an anonymous 50-page pamphlet that called for the seperateion of the colonies from Britain -
Declaration of Independence
the document written by Thomas Jerfferson, in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared the colonies' independence from Britain -
Trenton
americans pull off a huge win at the battle of Trenton -
Valley Forge
the site of the Continental Army's camp during the winter of 1777-1778 -
Saratoga
where Burgoyne surrendered to General Gates -
Friedrich von Steuben
a Prussian captain that helped train the American army -
Charles Cornwallis
in command of the Birtish forces in North and South Carolina -
Egalitarianism
a belief in the equality of all people -
Profiteering
selling scarce goods for a profit -
Inflation
rise in prices -
Yorktown
British surrender and the American Revolution has ended -
Treaty of Paris
confired US independence and set the boundaries of the new nation -
Land Ordinance of 1785
a law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the Appalachian Mountains -
Shay's Rebellion
pretests that caused panic and dismay throughout the nation -
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into territories -
Judiciary Act of 1789
a law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts -
Alexander Hamilton
Washington picked him to be secretary of the treasury -
Cabinet
the group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisors -
Protective Tariffs
a tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition -
excise tax
a tax on the production, sale, or consumption of goods produced within a country -
Thomas Pinckney
the US minister to Great Britain -
Little Turtle
the chieftain of the Miami Native American tribe -
Bank of the United States
funded by the federal government and private investors; established by congress -
Democratic-Republicans
political party known for its support of strong state governments; founded by Thomas Jefferson in opposition to the Federalist Party -
Edmond Genet
a young French diplomatic -
Declaration of Neutrality
a statement that the United States would support neither side in the conflict of the French Revolution -
John Jay
the chief justice of the Supreme Court -
Two-party System
a political system dominated by two major parties (DEmocrats and Republicans) -
Sectionalism
placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole -
XYZ Affair
an incident in which French officials demand a bribe from US diplomats -
Alien and Sedition Acts
a series of four laws enacted to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States -
John Marshall
a staunch Federalists that is chief justice of the Supreme Court -
Midnight Judges
one of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his administration -
Judiciary Act of 1801
a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill ost of the new posts with Federalists -
Judicial Review
the Supreme Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional -
Marbury vs. Madison
an 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as judical review -
Louisiana Purchase
the purchase of the United States of France's Louisiana Territory, extending from the MIssissippi River to the Rocky Mountains, for $15 million -
Lewis and Clark
explorers who ventured west to get to the Pacific Ocean -
Sacajawea
Native American women who served as an interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark -
Embargo Act of 1807
Congress declared a ban on exporting products to Britain and other European countries. -
William Henery Harrison
the governor of the Indiana Territory -
James Madison
President of the United States -
Treaty of Ghent
ended the war of 1812 -
Market Revolution
the major change in the US economy produced by peoples beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves -
Fredrick Douglas
African American slave, one of the first to escape slavery -
William Lloyd Garrison
most radical white abolitionist that was active in religious reformation -
land grants
a gift of public land to an individuals or organizations -
Cult of Domesticity
the tradition that women should restrict their activities after marriage to the home and family -
National Trades' Union
the first national association of trade unions -
Gag Rule
a rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue; repealed in 1844 -
Texas Revolution
a rebellion in which Texas gains its independence from Mexico -
Republic of Texas
the nation established when American settlers in the Mexican province of Texas declared and fought for their independencce, also commonly known at the tie as the "Lone Star Republic" -
telegraph
carries messages, tapped in code, across copper wire -
Dorothea Dix
joined the social movement -
Second Great Awakening
a religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with the need for personal and social improvement -
Manifest Destiny
the belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory -
Republic of California
the nation proclammed by American settlers in California when they declared their independence from Mexico -
Seneca Falls Convention
a womens rights convention -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
the treaty ending the US war with Mexico, in which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the US -
Gold Rush
a movement of many people to a region in which gold has been descovered -
transcendentalism
a philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination -
Frederick Douglass
one of the first slaves to escape to freedom -
Treaty of Fort Laramie
provided various Native American nationas control of the Central Plains, land east of the Rocky Mountains that stretched roughly from the Arkansas River north to Canada -
Temperance Movement
the effort to prohibit the drinking of alchol -
KIng George III
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nullification
that states had the right to nully, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deemed unconstitutional -
Aaron Burr