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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was introduced on December 2, 1823 by President James Monroe during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress. It stated that efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring US intervention. It also stated that the United States would neither interfere with existing European countries nor interfere in the internal concerns of European countries. -
Treaty of Kanagawa
Treaty to allow U.S. ships into Hakodate and Shimoda (Japanese ports). They gained this privilege after commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo Bay in 1853 with a fleet of warships, demanding supplies. This was the first treaty Japan signed with a Western Country. -
McKinley Tariff
The McKinley Tariff act of the US Congress became a law on October 1, 1890, framed by the representative William McKinley. A Tariff was a tax on goods coming in from foreign countries. There were two main purposes of the act, the first reason was to raise tax/money for the federal government. The second reason was to help local manufacturers from competition in other countries. -
Treaty of Paris (US and Spain)
Commissioners of the United States and Spain met in October of 1898 to end a malicious six months of war. All of Europe was taking sides with the Spaniards except for England, who reasoned with the Americans. The us paid Spain 2 million dollars for possession of the philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam were also under the control of the U.S. -
Open Door Policy
A U.S. foreign policy toward China. John Hay issues the policy to ensure that all countries had equal access to Chinese trade ports. The U.S. sent notices to many other countries saying that they couldn’t have separate trade relationships with China that were unavailable to other countries. The policy was later revoked in 1949 with China’s communist takeover. -
Platt Amendment
An Amendment to replace the Unites States Congress’s Teller Amendment. This Amendment ensured American involvement with Cuban matters, and gave the U.S legal claims to parts of the island, such as Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. Restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations. Cuba’s boundaries would not include Isle of Pines. The amendment stated Cuba must sell or lease land to the U.S that are necessary for coaling or development of naval stations. -
Panama secession from colombia
The Panama Secession from Columbia began in 1903, when the Colombian Senate rejected the Hay-Harrán Treaty of 1903, presented to them by Philippe Bunau-Varilla, who greatly influenced the separation of Panama from Colombia. In response to this, Bunau-Varilla turned to a group of Panama based revolutionaries who had united against the Colombian Government and their decisions. A War ensued and the US, recognizing the tactical advantages of the canal proposition, immediately joined Panama. -
Roosevelt Doctrine
Theodore Roosevelt introduced the Roosevelt Doctrine during his State of the Union Address in 1904. The doctrine is actually a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and states that the US will intervene in conflicts between European nations and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly. Roosevelt was led to create this doctrine after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-1903. -
Nicaragua
The first armed intervention by the United States in Nicaragua occurred under President Taft. In 1909, he ordered the overthrow of Nicaraguan President José Santos Zelaya. During August and September 1912, a contingent of 2300 U.S. Marines landed at the port of Corinto and occupied León and the railway line to Granada. -
Treaty of Versailles
was one of the peace treaties at the end of ww1. It ended the war between the allied powers and germany. It required Germany to take responsibility for having started the war, and to pay almost 450 billion in war reparations. -
Hawley-smoot Tariff
The Hawley-smoot Tariff was an act supported by two men, Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley. This was created a law by President Hoover on June 17, 1930. This was also a tax on foreign good coming into the United States. But this was the highest tax on manufactured goods, it cut the United States imports in half. -
IMF
Was created on July 22, 1944. It’s goal is to stableize exchange rates in the world market. They are working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. -
World Bank
Created in July 22,1944 it’s an institution thats main goal is to reduce poverty and hunger in poor nations. The bank provides loans to countrys for capital programs. They were created after WWII to help keep countrys out of debt. When the world bank lends money it comes with some sort of deal to help the U.S. -
Un Charter
the un charter was the establishment of the united nations which was established in the first place after ww1, to help regulate and keep all nations in check, and not at war with each other. -
Truman Doctrine
On March 12, 1947, President Truman presented his address towards Congress, asking for $400 million in assistance for Turkey and Greece. Great Britain had previously provided economic support to the governments of the nations, but could no longer support. Both nations were facing Communist insurgency and Soviet pressure. Fearing the domino effect, that if those two nations fell to Communism, that others would follow, Truman delivered his doctrine. The aid to the nations marked t -
Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan: it was a big American program to help europe. the US gave monetary support to rebuild eorope’s economies after World War II to keep comunism from getting there first. we did this to remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make europe prospurous again. -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization A collection of the worlds 28 most powerful nations, originally organized to counter the massive power of the USSR after WWII. They control 70% of international defence spending. Politicly, NATO has had a huge standing in almost all recent world conflict. As well as run multiple humanitarian aid organizations to places such as Uganda and Somalia. As it stands the US sits at the top of NATO’s power ladder and usually heading up any preemptive or retaliatory -
CIA in Iran
In 1952, Iran and US joined to take out the prime minister of Britain, Mohammed Mossadegh. US agreed to join for fear of communism spreading and they gained more share in Iranian oil. Saddam Hussein wanted to regain Shah, even though it was illegal. He thought it would benefit the US and his nation and wanted to build an alliance with the US. -
Geneva Accords
Separated Vietnam into 2 zones, a northern zone and a southern zone. A general election would be held in July of 1956 to create a unified state. -
Eisenhower Doctrine
In January, 1957, President Eisenhower announced his doctrine, which would be approved later that year in March. The doctrine allowed for other nations to request financial or military support from the U.S. if it was under threat by an armed state. The intention of the document was to check Soviet influence in the Middle East, after Egypt had been supplied with arms by communist countries, and Arab states gained communist support against a French and British attack on Egypt. -
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
On August 2, 1964 North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked U.S. destroyer boats outside of Southeast Asia. It provoked a big problem, President Lyndon Johnson and his advisors decided on immediate air attack. Later asked congress to mandate future military action. Congress gave the President power to pass a law to repel against any attack on US forces for the defense of US allies in Southeast Asia. It Gave President L.B. Johnson action to send U.S. troops without confronting Congress. -
SALT I Treaty
Also known as Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. It froze the number of strategic missile launchers at existing level and provided for the addition of SLMB. The treaty helped improve relations between the US and the USSR. -
Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War Part 1, was a rising conflict in 1990 between Iraq and a coalition of 32 nations. Result of Iraqs invasion of Kuwait Because a overproduction of oil which cost $14 billion of Iraqs money when oil prices fell. Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein accused Kuwait of stealing oil from there oil preserves. The UN authorised force In Kuwait to protect the Iraqi Kurds. Also, The U.S. Military was protecting the Saudi Arabian oil fields. Iraq would not back down, when the UN was trying to g -
Somalia
From August 1992 through March 1994 US troops showed their tradition of humanitarian relief in Somalia. After realizing the problems of starvation in Somalia the US military sent troops to do some nation building missions there in the capital in hope to end starvation. But surprisingly enough, in October 1993 there were sightings of US men being dragged through the streets dead! Back in December 1992 the US thought they had almost ended starvation so they started to hand it over to the United Na -
NAFTA
NAFTA:The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico. The creation of NAFTA on January 1, 1994 brought the immediate elimination of tariffs on more than one-half of Mexico's exports to the U.S. and more than one-third of U.S. exports to Mexico. -
Iraq War
The Iraq war was known to be in two phases. One being a short little war in 2003 with the US and Britain invading Iraq which ended shortly after. Before this there were some issues between Britain the US against Iraq as they were skeptical and felt threatened because they believed Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. The US then sent in the United Nations to check it out as Iraq had to cooperate. There were many reasons towards the invasion into Iraq one being that Saddam Hussein was accused of
