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Period: to
Algeria
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French Colonizers
Algiers falls to the French. The Dey, his advisors, and remaining Ottoman officials are exiled. A proposal that the disposition of the country should be decided by a European congress is abandoned as a result of the June revolution which removed the French king, Charles X, from power. -
Algeria: Official colony of the French
French governor-general appointed. French begin colonization and settlement. -
Becoming a part of France
Algeria is recognized as an integral part of France. The colony is opened to European settlers. -
Nationalism
Khaled Ben Hachemi, aka Emir Khaled, the grandson of Abd el-Kader, is the leader of the 'Young Algerians', a nationalist group seeking equality for Algerians to French and European settlers. -
UPA
Ferhat Abbas forms the Union Populaire Algérienne (UPA, Algerian Popular Union) which called for equal rights for Algerian Muslims and the preservation of native Algerian culture. -
OS - Special Organisation
The Organisation Spéciale (OS, Special Organisation) is formed as a paramilitary arm of the MTLD.- Ahmed Ben Bella (leader) -
New Constitution
A new constitution for Algeria is introduced. All Algerian citizens are offered French citizenship (of equal statues to those of France). An Algerian National Assembly is convened, but it is skewed to settlers compared to indigenous Algerians. Two 60 member colleges are created: one representing the 1.5 million European settlers, the other for 9 million Algerian Muslims. Highly restrictive voting qualifications leads to the majority of Muslims being excluded. -
FLN & other movements
The Comité Révolutionaire d'Unité et d'Action (CRUA, Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action) changes its name to the Front de Libération Nationale(FLN, National Liberation Front). Its paramilitary wing is known as the Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN, National Liberation Army). France, founds the Mouvement National Algérien(MNA, Algerian National Movement) as a moderate alternative to the FLN. It is popular amongst Algerian Muslims living in France. -
Battle of Algiers
Battle of Algiers begins.
FLN begins bombing campaign. France responds by building electric fences along the borders with Morocco and Tunisia. Guerrilla attacks continue, even though the French believe to have caught all FLN members. -
Paris Massacre
The Paris massacre of 1961 was during the Algerian War (1954–62). Under orders from thehead of the Parisian police, Maurice Papon, the French police attacked a demonstration of some 30,000 pro-FLN Algerians. Two months before, FLN had decided to increase the bombing in France and to resume the campaign against the pro-France Algerians and the rival Algerian nationalist organization called MNA in France. -
Évian Accords
Formal ceasefire agreement, the Évian Accords, is signed with an agreement to hold a referendum on independence. Independence for Algeria is subsequently approved by a 91.2% vote. -
Algerian Independence
Independence is declared. Ben Bella is elected Prime Minister and Abderrahmane Farès as President of the Provisional Executive. -
Socialist State
Socialist state established by National Charter following a 98.5% vote in a national referendum. The Charter gives official status to Islam, the dominance of the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN, National Liberation Front), and its commitment to socialism. Houari Boumédiène (President of FLN) Implements program of industrialization