-
200
Rome economic 3
Marius promised to all people who would join his army that they could have some of the land from the war as retired legionnaires as a reward for their loyalty. -
200
Egypt Political 1
The power of the Pharaohs declined about 218 BC, marking the end of the old kingdom. Strong pharaohs regained control during the Middle Kingdom (2040 BC-1640 BC) and restored law and order . They improved trade and transportation by digging a canal from the Nile river to the Read Sea. -
200
China Environment 3
BC The chariot, one of the major tools of war, was probably first introduced by contact with cultures from Western Asia. Professional warriors underwent lengthy training to learn the techniques of driving and shooting from horse-drawn chariots. -
200
China Social 2
BC Shang society was sharply divided between nobles and peasants. A ruling class of warrior-nobles headed by a king governed the Shang. These noble families owned the land. -
200
China Social 3
BC The elder men in the family controlled the family's property and made important decisions. WOmen were treated as inferiors and were expected to obey their fathers, their husbands, and later, their own sons -
200
China Environment 1
BC Like the other ancient civilizations in this chapter, Chinas first civilization developed in a river valley. China faced the danger of floods, there wasn't much trading due to geographic isolation and natural boundaries didn't fully protect China from invasions. -
202
Rome economic 2
Scipio routed Hannibal's forces on the plain of Zama outside Carthage and took the city, ending the 2nd Punic War. -
206
China Culture 1
BC Buddhism spread to China during China’s Han Dynasty in 206 BC. Buddhism offered more hope than confucianism or Daoism (Cultural Diffusions) -
256
China Political 3
BC The Zhou ruled from around (1027 BC-256 BC). In 771 BC nomads from the north and west attacked the Zhou capital and murdered the Zhou monarch. -
260
Rome Environment 2
Etruscan influences: Built Romes first city walls and sewer. The first walls in Rome helped the environment in many ways. -
263
Greece culture 2
The greeks wrote two kinds of drama; Tragedy and comedy. Tragedy was a serious drama about common themes. Comedy contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and humor. -
265
Rome Environment 3
The Romans had defeated the Etruscans, once Rome had taken control on Italy, its attention was drawn to SIcily, a large island to the south of the peninsula. -
300
Rome economic 1
Next to the consuls, the most important magistrates were censors, Censors recorded the city's population and how much property each person owned. -
300
China Environment 2
BC Only about 10 % of China's land is suitable for farming. Much of the lands within the small plain between the Huang He and the Chane Jiang in eastern China. This plain, known as the North China Plain, is China's heartland. -
335
Greece culture 1
A greek philosopher named Zano founded the school of philosophy caused Stoicism. He said, live in harmony with the will of god. -
400
Social Rome 2
All men between the ages of 17 and 46 with a min. amount of property were required to serve in the army during times of war. -
450
Rome political 3
The plebeians forced the patricians to have all laws written down. I feel like this helped a lot now that they have their lawa written down they could follow them andestablish rules. -
450
Social Rome 1
Due to the Law of the 12 Tables, there was a ban on marriage between patricians and plebeians. It did not allow marriages from different classes -
500
Greece social 2
the Athenian Cleisthenes introduced further reforms. Only free adult male property owners born in the Athens were considered citizens. -
500
India Cultural 1
BC Buddhism Developed in ancient India. Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, was the founder and was born in 500 B. He was the prince of a small kingdom as well -
551
Chine Culture 2
BC China's most influential scholar was Confucius who was born in 551 BC. Confucius lived in a time when the Zhou Dynasty was a decline. He led a scholarly life, studying and teaching history. music, and moral character. -
Dec 1, 600
Greece social 1
men were expected to serve in the army until age 60. Boys usually left their home at the age of 7 to train. -
Dec 1, 616
Rome Political 1
At first Rome was ruled by Latin kings, around 616 BC, however, it came under the rule of the Etruscans of Northern Italy. They ruled Rome until 509 BC. -
Dec 5, 700
Rome culture 2
The forum was the center of the Roman life. It was the heart of the city. It was a political center but it was also a popular place for shopping and gossip. -
Dec 7, 705
Rome culture 3
Once Greece became a Roman province, the Romans adopted many elements of that culture. Even before they took over Greece, many Romans had admired Greek culture. -
Dec 3, 750
Greece economic 3
city-state (Polis) was made up of a city and its surrounding countryside, which included villages. -
Nov 4, 753
Rome culture 1
According to legend, Romulus and Remus, twin brothers who were raised by a she-wolf, founded the city of Rome -
Dec 1, 1000
Rome Environment 1
Whether of not Romulus and Remus actually existed, the people who built one were members of Indo- European tribe known as the Latins who had reached Italy in the 1000s BC -
Dec 4, 1000
China Culture 3
BC In China, the family was closely linked to religion. The Chinese believed that the spirits of family ancestors has to power to bring good fortune or disaster to living members of the family. The Chinese did not regard these spirits as mighty gods. Rather, the spirits were more like troublesome or helpful neighbors who demanded attention and respect. -
Dec 4, 1027
China Political 2
BC The Zhou overthrew the Shang and established their own dynasty. The Zhou established a number of key traditions, including the importance f family and social order. -
Dec 4, 1027
China Economic 2
BC The Zhou Dynasty produced many innovations. Roads and canal were built to stimulate trade and agriculture and coined money was introduced, which further improved trade. -
Dec 4, 1027
China Economic 3
BC Iron tools made farm work easier and more productive. The ability to grow more food helped Zhou farmed support thriving cities. -
Dec 1, 1200
Greece political 3
the Mycenaeans fought a 10 year war with Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen; the beautiful wife of a Greek King. Not long after the civilization collapsed -
Dec 1, 1500
Greece culture 3
the Mycenaeans adapted the Minoan writing system to the Greek lands. They also decorated vases with Minoan designs. -
Dec 3, 1500
Greece economic 2
the Mycenaean came into contact with the Minoan civilization through either trade or war. Mycenaens were amazing in Seaborne trade. -
Dec 4, 1500
China Environmental 3
BC Aryans, a nomadic people from the north of the HIndu Kush mountains, swept into the Indus Valley around 1500 BC. Indian civilization grew again under the influence of these nomads. -
Dec 4, 1500
India Culture 3
BC Like the 2 other river valley civilizations, the Harappan culture developed a written language. IN contrast to cuneiform and hieroglyphics, the Harappan language has been impossible to decipher -
Greece social 3
a warrior- king ruled the surrounding villages and farms. Strong rulers controlled areas such as Athens. -
China Social 1
Bc During the Shang Dynasty (1700 BC-1027 BC) The higher classes lived in timber-framed houses with walls of clay and straw. The peasants and craftspeople lived in huts. -
China Political 1
BC The Shang Dynasty lasted from around (1700 BC-1027 BC) They were the first family of Chinese rulers to leave written records. -
India Environmental 2
BC The quality of building in the Indus Valley cities declined. Gradually, the great cities fell into decay. Later it was discovered that it was due to the earthquakes and floods caused by tectonic plate movement, which altered the course of the indus river. -
Meso. Economic 3
BC the amorite king Hamurabi became king. He improved the tax-collection system, increased trade for the empire to grow wealthy and made rules for the sumerians to follow. -
Social Rome 3
The first triumvirate formed with Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, and Licinius -
Greece political 1
a large wave of Indo- Europeans migrated,. Some of these who settles on Greek land were known as Mycenaean. -
Meso. Economic 1
BC the codes that Hammurabi invented consists of 282 rules. Applying to everything like community/family;buisness;contact;and crime. -
Egypt Social 3
Bc Women in Egypt help many of the same rights as men. A wealthy or middle class women could own and trade property like men did. She could propose marriage or seek divorce as well. -
China Economic 1
BC Settlements grew into China’s first cities. According to legend, the first Chinese dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, emerged about this time. -
Egypt social 2
Bc The Egyptians were not locked into their social classes. Lower and middle class Egyptians could gain high status through marriage or success in their jobs. Slaves could also hope to earn their freedom as a reward for their loyal service -
Egypt Social 1
Bc In the later periods of Egyptian history, slavery became a widespread source of labor. Slaves, usually captives from foreign wars, served in the homes of the rich or toiled endlessly in the gold mines of Upper Egypt. -
Rome Political 2
Because the heads of a few aristocratic families, known as patricians, elected officials from among themselves. The common people, or plebeians, challenged the patricians for power. -
Egypt Economic 2
Bc during the Middle Kingdom, government collapsed around this time. For almost 200 Years, economic problems, invasions, and civil wars racked Egypt. -
Meso. Culture 2
BC sumerians science and technology- they developed a number system in base 60. Architectural innovations influenced Mesopotamian civilizations. Last but not least Sumerians created a system of writing called Cuneiform. -
India Political 1
BC The planned cities and how well-developed they were suggested that they had a strong government. They made higher walls to resemble a temple and thats where higher class people lived. -
India Political 2
BC Archaeologists did not find a lot of weapons. That suggested that conflicts with other people/placed were very minimal in the Indus Valley. -
India Social 2
BC They were the first to start a plumbing system. The intricacy of their plumbing showed social classes because the better their plumbing it, the higher they were in social status. -
Meso. Political 2
sumers earliest govts., were controlled by the temple priests. Farmers believed that their crops depended on gods, therefore priesr were like go-betweens with gods. -
Meso. Culture 3
BC Sumerians believed in more than one god. This is called Polytheism- Sumerians believed that their gods were just like us humans. -
Meso. Political 1
many SUmerians city-states came under the rule of dynasties. A dynasty is a series of rules from a single family. -
India Political 3
BC The largest cities were Kaliebngan, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Those were the most developed cities where most trading and culture developed. -
Meso. Culture 1
BC new cities were arising. Sumerians exchanged products and ideas including cities and cultural ideas. The process in which a new idea or a new product spreads from 1 culture to another is cultural diffusion. -
INdia social 1
BC The Harappan cities show a remarkable uniformity in religion and culture. The housing suggests that social divisions in the society were not great. Artifacts such as clay and wooden childrens toys suggest a relatively prosperous society that could afford to produce nonessential goods. -
India Environmental 1
BC, while Egyptians were building pyramids, people in the Indus valley were laying the bricks for Indias first cities. They built strong levees, or earthen walls, to keep water out of the city. -
India culture 2
BC while Egyptians built pyramids, the people of India built levees to keep water out of the city. -
India Economic 3
BC Planned cities began around this time. they built strong levees, or earthen walls to keep water out of their cities.They also laid out their cities on a precise grid system. -
Meso. Political 3
wars between cities became more and more frequent. Instead of priests leading at time of war, the people choose a tough fighter to command city soldiers. SUmerian priests and people gave commander permanent control to standing arms. -
India Economic 2
BC Trading began as early as 2600 BC and continued until 1800 BC the Indus River provided a link to the sea. This access allowed Indus valley inhabitants to develop trade with distant people, including Mesopotamia. -
India Social 3
BC The Indians traded silver and gold with northern Afghanistan. Some of Afghanistan's culture was adapted into India. -
Egypt Culture 1
The Old Kingdom- (2649-2143 BC) aslo known as the Age of Pyramids. It was a golden age of culture and civilization. Painting, Literature and sculpture flourished. Advances in medicine, architecture, astronomy, navigation and engineering were made. -
Egypt Economic 3
(2649-2143 BC) For the kings of the Old Kingdom, the resting places after death was an immense structure called a pyramid. The Old Kingdom was the great age of pyramid building in ancient Egypt. -
Greece political 2
mountains divided the land into a number of different regions. Instead of single government they developed small, independent communities within each other. -
Greece environment 1
climate was one of the 3 important environmental influences of Greek civilizations. Men spent lots of time outside. 48 degrees was known for the winter average. 80 degrees was known to be the summer temperature. -
Greece environment 2
Ancient Greece consisted mainly of mountains. The regions physical geography directly shaped Greek traditions and customs. -
Greece envorinment 3
the Minoans lived on the large Greek island of Crete. They created on elegant civilization that had great power. -
Meso. Economic 2
BC the sumerians had built a number of cities. Each city was surrounded by fields of barley and wheat. They developed their own government, each with its own rulers. -
Greece economic 1
The sea was a big part of life for the Greek people. Sea travel and trade were important because Greece used natural resources. -
Meso. Environment 1
Bc SUmer people created solutions to deal with their problems. For water they dug ditches that carried the water to the fields. For defense they built city walls. For materials, they traded with other people. -
Egypt Political 3
BC the 2 countries were united under King Narmer, a king of upper Egypt. He built a new capital city at memphis on the border between the two lands and established the first Egyptian dynasty. -
Egypt Political 2
BC The villages of Egypt were under the rule of two separate kingdoms, Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt . Eventually they were united. -
Meso. Environmental 2
BC Sumerians had 3 major disadvantages in their new environment, There was unpredictable flooding combined with little rain. The Sumerians village was defenseless and the natural resources of Sumer were limited. -
Egypt Environment 1
Bc Egyptian farmers were much more fortunate than the villagers of Mesopotamia. The Nile flowed regularly and there weren't many issues with the river. -
Egypt Environment 3
BC river travel was common, but it ended at the point in the Nile where boulders turn the river into churning rapids called a cataract. This made it impossible for riverboats to pass this spot, known as the First Cataract to continue upstream south to the interior of Africa. -
Egypt Cuture 2
BC the development of writing was one of the keys to the growth of Egyptian Civilization. Simple pictographs were the earliest form of writing in Egypt, but scribes quickly developed a more flexible writing system called hieroglyphics -
Egypt Environment 2
BC When the Niles floodwaters were just a few lower than normal, the amount of fresh silt and water for crops were greatly reduced. Thousands of people starved. When floodwaters were a few feet higher than usual, the unwanted water destroyed houses, granaries, and the precious seeds that farmers needed for planting. -
Egypt Culture 3
BC The Egyptians developed a calendar to help them keep track of the time between floods to plan their planting season -
Meso. Social 3
Lower classes in Meso. were divided. People that were merchants, artisans, scribes were more wealthy than/had more power than farmers. -
Meso. Social 2
With civilizations, also came social class. Kings, landholders and some priests made up the highest levels. Social class affected the lives of both men and women. Sumerian women had more rights than in other civilizations. -
Meso. Environmental 3
BC People 1st began to settle and farm the flat, swampy lands in southern mesopotamia before 4500 BC. good soil was the advantage that attracted these settlers. There were some disadvantaged that had to do with the new environment. -
Meso. Social 1
one of the marks of civilizations is the specialization of labor. Mesopotamian social pyramid was simple, gods and kings at the top, farmers and enslaved people at the bottom. -
Egypt Economic 1
BC First farming villages along the Nile appeared as early as 5000 BC Egyptians farmed along the Nile for fertile land and to help water their crops. -
Indai Economic 1
BC Archaeologists have found evidence in the highlands of agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats dating to about 7000 BC. Domestications animals means to tame them and se them in farming and agriculture.