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Portugal, Spain, England, and France establish the slave trade from Africa to bring workers to sugar and tobacco plantations in South America and the Caribbean, and later to the cotton plantations in the southern U.S.During this time period 12 million slaves were traded with only 10-11 million surviving the trip. Most of the trade intensified after the 16th Century
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China grows under Ming Dynasty, with capital at Beijing. Agriculture, navigation, Confucianism, and art thrive. Chinese trading ships export tea, silk, and porcelain to India, Africa, and Europe, with Guangzhou as a major trading post.
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Agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other 15th century voyagers
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Pedro Alvrez Cabral explored Southeastern America and claimed it for Portagul. He also discovered Brazil and counqured it. Then he named Brazil the "Island of the True Cross."
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The growing power of kings in Northern Europe, combined with Renaissance learning and local anger at Church abuses, helped pave the way for more secular theories about the state. The Reformation, by challenging the power of the Church, would also help kings in their claims to greater sovereignty through the theory of Divine Right of Kings. Ironically, the Reformation would also provide the theoretical backing for the democratic revolutions that would eventually overthrow the very monarchies th
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A German mapmaker reads reports about Columbus' "New World," written by an Italian sailor Vespucci. The mapmaker names the region America, and the Caribbean islands Columbus initially explored are named the West Indies.
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Spanish explorer Hernan Cortés lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few cannons. They capture and destroy the capital city of Tenochtitlán in a assault in 1521.
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Magellan sails around the world and proves the Earth is round.
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Was the leader of the Aztecs. When cortes was suspiscious of montezuma capturing him, he captured and forced him to submit to the spainards. Once Cortes left to fight the expedition that was after him, Montezuma tried to speak to the people that he ruled, only to be killed by them with rock and arrows.
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When inca ruler Huayna Capac died, the kingdom was divided between sons Atahualpa (atawallpa) and half-brother Huascar. Started long civil war that led to the battle of Quipaipan. Atawallpa defated Huascar's army and captured him that ended the civil war.
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Pizarro and his brothers overthrow current inca leader Atawallpa and controlled Peru. Three years later, founded the new capital city of Luma
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Succeded his father Selim I as Sultan for the Ottoman Empire in 1520, Suleyman began his reign with campaign against the chrisitan powers in central europe and the mediterranean. His most important campaigns are the big three against Persia starting from 1534 to 1555. The first formal peace between the Ottomans and the Persians was signed in 1555
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Ignatius of Loyola founded the society after being wounded in battle and experiencing a religious conversion. In 1537, he traveled to Italy to seek papal approval for their order. Pope Paul III gave them a commendation and permitted them to be ordained priests. They presented the project to Paul III. After months of dispute, Paul III confirmed the order through the bull Regimini militantis ecclesiae. On 27 September 1540, This is the founding document of the Jesuits as a catholic religion
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After Atwallpa got executed in 1533, and the assasination of Francisco Pizarro in 1541 it lokked like the end of the inca empire. It finally ended in 1572 when the spanish execute the last of the inca emperors Tupac Amaru, signaling the end of the inca empire once and for all.
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The Far East Company was frormed in Amsterdam. Composed of nine merchants members. It linked maritime exploration, trading posts, and large-scale rather than individual capitalism. The Dutch began to absorb products fromm the colonial territories into their economy. The Dutch specialization in tobacco was the result of the colonies, as was the start of the chocolate and liqueur businesses.
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Because of the rise of the slave trade in africa, the english chartered a company called the Royal Adventurers of England. The company would engage in the slave trade. The charter issued that no other english company could slave trade, Making it a monopoly.
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When Japanese leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, Ieyasu began to assume power because Hideyoshi's infant son Hideyori couldn't take command. Other members challenged Ieyasu for power and so they fought in the Battle of Sekigahara where Ieyasu defeated and killed his challengers. After achieving supremacy in Japan, he was titled shogun (Military General) and after that the Tokugawa name was ruling for 265 years.
