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The deadliest revolt in Colonial America. Armed slaves start marching to Florida and towards freedom, but they are put down and at least 20 whites and more than 40 blacks were killed.
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Protestant evangelists converted hundreds of African Americans. Black preachers adapted the teachings of white Protestant churches to their own needs. Black Christians generally ignored the doctrines of original sin and Calvinist predestination as well as biblical passages that encouraged unthinking obedience to authority. Some converts envisioned the Christian God as a warrior who liberated the Jews from Egypt. Many of them looked forward to emancipation from slavery seen through scripture.
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Former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture leads a slave revolt in Haiti, West Indies. He is captured in 1802, but the revolt continues and Haitian independence is declared. Southerners were terrified by this because they discouraged the importation of slaves into the United States.
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Nat Turner planed a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, the only effective, sustained slave rebellion in U.S. history. Sixty whites were killed before Turner and his followers were captured and hung.
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Approximately 75,000 slaves escape to the North and to freedom via the Underground Railroad, a system in which free African American and white "conductors," abolitionists, and sympathizers help guide and shelter the escaped slaves.
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Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery in Baltimore.
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Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery in Maryland. She became one of the best-known "conductors" on the Underground Railroad, returning to the South 19 times and helping over 300 slaves escape to freedom.
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Slavery was abolished, but it took a few days for the word to spread to all of the plantation farms and their former slave workers. Did not by any means end segregation and inequality.
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Led by Marcus Garvey. Represents the largest mass movement in African-American history. Supported Garvey's “Back to Africa”.
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Movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West.
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Cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. Many black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars came from the south, fleeing the caste system and wanting to express themselves freely.
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African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans. Racist against whites.
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Goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection.
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Against segregation on public buses.
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Ended segregation on buses.
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Founded by Martin Luther King, Jr. and Reverend Ralph Abernathy. Had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. Is an African American civil rights organization.
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The interracial Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized a series of “freedom rides” in 1961 on interstate buses throughout the South. The aim was to call attention to blatant violation of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce.
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Civil rights leaders proposed a march on Washington in order to show support of Kennedy’s civil rights bill. Martin Luther King ended up becoming the public face of the march and delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.
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April 1963 thousands of black demonstrators marched downtown to picket Birmingham’s department stores. They were met by Eugene “Bull” Connor, the city’s commissioner of public safety, and his police, who used excessive force. Television news cameras captured the scene. Kennedy was horrified and went on TV to denounce racism and announce a new civil rights bill.