-
1415
Prince Henry's Caper
Prince Henry's goal was to "capture the main Muslim trading depot [in] Morocco [because he was jealous of Muslim's riches.]" (22). -
Period: 1415 to
History of Racism and Antiracism
-
1450
"The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea"
According to Kendi and Reynolds, "Zurara was the first person to write about and defend Black human ownership" (25). -
1526
First Known African Racist
al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi, was the first known African racist. When he got enslaved, he was diplomatic journey to the Mediterranean Sea. But he gets freed by Pople Leo X and transforms him to Christianity, gives him a new name Johannes Leo, and "commissioned him to write a survey of Africa" and responds to Zurara's survey. According to the book, "Stamped", Johannes Leo said, "they were hypersexual savages, making him the first known African racist". (26) -
1577
Curse Theory
In Chapter 2 of "Stamped," Reynolds explains that "English travel writer George Best determined that Africans were, in fact, cursed" (30). -
Jamestown's First Slaves
A Latin American ship was seized by pirates and "twenty Angolans [on board were sold to] the governor of Virginia"(36). -
Richard Mather's Arrival
Richard Mather was a Puritan who came to America to practice a "more disciplined and rigid" (32) form of Christianity. -
Cotton Mather is Born
According to the book "Stamped" by Kendi and Jason Reynolds. After the death of Richard Mather's wife and John Cotton. Richard Mather marries John Cotton's wife, and their children they had before their marriage, they married and had a son, named Cotton Mather. (46-47) -
"Voluntary" Slaves
According to Richard Baxter, some "Africans [...] wanted to be slaves so that they could be baptized" (39). -
Creation of White Privileges
In response to Nathaniel Bacon's uprising, the local government decided to give "all Whites [...] absolute power to abuse any African person" (45). -
First Antiracist Writing in the Colonies
The Mennonites were against slavery because they "equat[ed]" (41) discrimination based on skin color to discrimination based on religion. -
The Witch Hunt Begins!
The minister in Salem, MA, named Samuel Parris. He "poured gasoline on the witchy fire," then, in 1692, his "nine-year-old daughter suffered convulsions and chokes," and Parris believed that his daughter "had been possessed or cursed by a witch." Then the “witch hunt begins." (49-50) -
First Great Awakening
The First Great Awakening is a religious revival, "which swept through the colonies in the 1730s, [lead] by a Connecticut man named Jonathan Edwards." (53) -
American Philosophical Society (APS)
Benjamin Franklin created "a club for smart (White) people" to discuss ideas and philosophy. (57) -
The (American) Enlightenment
In the mid-1700s, "new America entered what we call the Enlightenment. (56) -
Phyllis Wheatley's Test
Wheatley " proved herself [as intelligent and] human" (60) by passing a test given by some of the smartest men in the country at that time. -
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson wrote "at the beginning of the declaration, he paraphrased the Virginia Constitution, "All men are created equal." But it's not specific to tell which men are created equally. (68) -
The Three Fifths Compromise
The South wanted more population, so they can get more representation even though they have to pay more taxes. But the North didn't agree because they don't have many slaves as the South, so they came up with a solution that "every five slaves equaled three humans." (73-74) -
The Haitian Revolution
"Close to half a million enslaved Africans in Haiti [were resisted] against French rule," and the Africans won, then Haiti "become the Eastern Hemisphere's symbol of freedom." (75) -
(Possibly) North America's Biggest Uprising
"Two cynical slaves-snitches [wanting] their master's favor," they betrayed the largest slave revolt. (80) -
Jefferson's Slave Trade Act
Thomas Jefferson wanted to end slavery even though he has slaves, so he created a Slave Trade Act, is to "stop [bring in] people from Africa and the Caribbean into America, and fine illegal slave traders." -
The Missouri Compromise
The congress admits that Missouri to be a slave state, but also admit Maine is a free state because the congress wanted to make an equal amount of slave states and free states, need it to be balanced. -
Thomas Jefferson's Death
Thomas Jefferson's health is too serious that he couldn't leave home when in the summer, he couldn't even get out of his bed, and unable to join the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. (88) -
Garrison's First Abolition Speech
The ACS wanted Willliam Lloyd Garrison to give their Fourth of July speech and he's speech was about "a freedom in steps." (95-96) -
Nat Turner's plan
Nat Turner was a slave and a preacher, he doesn't think they need White people to saved them and gradual equality. Nat Turner planned to create a "massive crusade" that would free the slaves and ran away from the slave masters, he did, and it failed. (98) -
The Birth of AASS
Garrison uses his own power against the slave masters, then he created a new group called the American Anti-Slavery Society(AASS). Start a new technology for printing and efficient postal service. He had begun "flooding the market with new and improved abolitionist information." (99) -
Samuel Morton's Theories
A scientist, Samuel Morton said that all the White people had big skulls, therefore they are smart and intelligent. (101) -
Frederick Douglass's Narrative Published
Frederick Douglass is a slave and he wrote a narrative that "outlined [his] life and gave a firsthand account of the horrors of slavery." This has been the weapon to "against the idea that Black people were subpar. (103) -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The book "Uncle Tom's Cabin," is talking about a slave named Tom, met a White girl name Eva, and her father bought him. Become friends through Christianity, after the girls and his father dies, her mother sold him to another slave owner, but Tom was tortured by the new slave owner. The moral of this story would be "We all must be slaves..to God." -
Start of Civil War
The secession means to quit from being a member of. South Carolina left the Union, which means that they could make up their rules and live their own lives and be racist as they wanted. (113-114) -
The Emancipation Proclamation
A bill declared that all the confederate -owned Africans who escaped to the Union line or lived in the Union lines to be "forever free of their servitude." (115) -
End of Civil War
The Civil War ended in 1865, Lincoln has his plan for reconstruction, he said something that no president has ever said before, it says that the intelligent Back people should have the right to vote. (117) -
40 Acres and a Mule
The Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus Stevens "fought for redistribution of land to award former slaves forty acres to work for themselves." (120) -
The Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment exists, and it says that "No one could be prohibited from voting due to "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." (121) -
Andrew Johnson(Black Codes and Jim Crow)
Andrew Johnson was going through Abraham Lincoln's promises. He permits Black people from every Confederate state to vote(only if they didn't break the law) and created a Black code, social codes to restrict Black people's lives, but develop into Jim Crow laws, laws that "legalized racial segregation." (119)
