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1415
Prince Henry's Caper
Prince Henry's goal was to "capture the main Muslims trading depot [in] Morocco (22). -
Period: 1415 to
"History of Racism and Antiracism"
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1450
World first Racist-"The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea"
According to Kendi and Reynolds, "Zurara was the first person to write about and defend Black human ownership" (25). -
1526
"First Known African Racist"
al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al Wazzan al-Fasi, he was a well educated Moroccan. He was captured and enslaved. But he was freed by Pope Leo X. He then took a survey about African and wrote that African people are hypersexual savages, that made him the first known African racist (26). -
1577
Curse Theory
In Chapter 2 of "Stamped," Reynolds explains that "English travel writer George Best determined [...] that Africans were, in fact, cursed" (30). -
William Perkins, "Ordering a Familie
He wrote a book called "Ordering a Familie", and he argues that slave was just part of a loving family unit that was ordered a particular way (31). -
Italian Philosopher Lucilio Vanini
"He believed Africans were born of a "different Adam", and had a different creation story. This would mean by different species. It was kind of like saying that Africans weren't actually human. They maybe animals, or monsters, or aliens, but not human" (39-40). -
Jamestown's First Slaves
A Latin American ship was seized by pirates and "twenty Angolans [on board were sold to] the governor of Virginia" (36). -
Richard Mather's Arrival
Richard Mather was a Puritan who came to America to practice a "more disciplined and rigid" (32) form of Christianity. -
Cotton Mather is Born
He is the son of the youngest son, Increase, of Richard Mather and Sarah, the wife of John Cotton after he died. His parents were Maria and Increase (46). -
"Voluntary" Slaves
Richard Baxter believed that "slavery was helpful for African people. He said there are Africans who wanted to be salves so they could be baptized" (38-39). -
Creation of White Privilegaes
In response to Nathaniel Bacon's uprising, local government decided to give "all Whites [...] absolute power to abuse any African person" (45). -
First Antiracist Writing in the Colonies
The Mennonites were against slavery because they "equat[ed]" (41) discrimination based on skin color to discrimination based on religion. -
Memorable Providences
Mather wrote a book called Memorable providences, the genius boy, destined for the intellectual and spiritual greatness, was obsessed with witches (49). -
The Witch Hunt Begins!
Samuel Parris is a minister in Salem, Massachusetts, when his nine years old daughter suffered processed or cursed by a witch. Then the witch hunt begins"( 49-50). -
First Great Awakening
"First Great awakening, which swept through the colonies in the 1730s, spearheaded by a Connecticut man named Jonathan Edwards" (53). -
Benjamin -"The American Philosophical Society
Franklin started a club called the American Philosophical Society in 1743 in Philadelphia. A club for smart (White) people (57). -
The (American) Enlightenment Era
In the mid-1700's, "new America entered what we now call the Enlightenment Era" (56). -
Phyllis Wheatley's Test
Wheatley "proved herself [as intelligent and] human" (60) by passing a test given by some of the smartest men in the country at the time. -
Declaration of Independence
Tomas Jefferson "at the time of thirty-three-year-old delegate to the Second Continental Congress, sat down a pen of Declaration of Independence, wrote all men are created equal" (68). -
The Three Fifths Compromise
The North didn't have (as many) slaves as the South, they doesn't want the South to be more powerful than the North. So they create a fraction. Every five slaves equaled to three humans (73-74). -
The Haitian Revolution
Half a million enslaved Africans in Haiti fight against French rule. They won and Haiti become Eastern Hemisphere's symbol of freedom (75). -
(Possibly) North America's Biggest Uprising
"Two cynical slaves-snitches-begging for their master's favor, betrayed what would have been the largest slave revolt in the history of the North America" (80). -
Jefferson's Slave Trade Act
"The goal was to stop the import of people from Africa and the Caribbean into America, and fine illegal slave traders" (82-83). -
The Missouri Compromise
"Admit that Missouri as a slave sate and a free state to make sure there was still an equal amount of slave states and free states, so that no region, or way of governing, felt disadvantaged" (86-87). -
Thomas Jefferson's Death
"By spring if 1826, his health had deteriorated to the point that he couldn't leave home. By summer, he couldn't even leave his bed, so sick he was unable the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence" (88). -
Garrison's First Abolition Speech
"He favored a gradual abolition- a freedom in steps- but abolition nonetheless" (95-96). -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner "was a slave and a preacher, and just as slave owners before the Enlightenment era believed slavery was a holy mission. Turner believed the same was true for freedom" (98). -
AASS Abolitionist Pamphlets
"American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), a group of abolitionists" (99). -
Samuel Morton's Theories
In Samuel Morton's books, Crania Aegyptiaca, he introduced the "narrative that historical there was a "White" Egypt that had Black slaves" (101-102). -
Texas Becoming Slave State
John C. Calhoun, "was fighting even for Texas to become a slave state in 1844 election." (102). -
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
"In June 1845, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave was published. it outlined Douglass's life an gave a firsthand account of the horrors of slavery."(103). -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Sojourner Truth who was a former female slave. She was a kind of woman who would stand up in a room full of White people and declare her humanity. This women had inspired a White writer to write this book. (104-108). -
Start of Civil War
Secession means to withdraw from being a member of. People sharing a role one after the other. South Carolina seceded (113-114). -
Slave Act
"but by the summer of 1862, the slave act had been repealed and a bill passed that declared all Confederate-owned Africans who escaped to Union lined or who resided in territories occupied by the Union to be "forever free of their servitude"(115). -
The Emancipation Proclamation
A bill that would morph into an even colder bill by Lincoln, "All persons help as slaves within any state [under rebel control] shall then, thenceforward, and forever, be free "(115-116). -
End of Civil War
Reconstruction is to rebuild something that are damaged, to reconstruct. Lincoln want intelligent Black people to have the rights to vote (117). -
40 Acres and a Mule
In Pennsylvania, a congressman Thaddeus Stevens "fought for the redistribution of land to award former slaves forty acres to work for themselves" (120). -
Fifteenth Amendment
"On February 3, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was made official" (121). -
Black Codes and Jim Crow
"black codes-social codes used to stop Black people from living freely-were created. They would quickly evolve into Jim Crow laws, which were laws that legalized racial segregation" (119).
