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1400 BCE
Seikilos Epitaph
It is the oldest musical composition with complete musical notation in the world.And nod says these wise words: As long as you live, shine, do not suffer for anything at all. -
Period: 1399 BCE to 1492
THE MIDDLE AGES
https://youtu.be/pPYP2pNdyX4
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680
Gregorian Chant
Gregorian chant is a type of plain, simple, monodic chant. Their most famous song is the song of the psalms. -
991
Guido d’Arezzo
The Benedictine monk Guido of Arezzo provided the bases for this new writing system: the tetragram, which was later called the staff, a series of five lines to locate musical notes. -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen OSB, also known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages. She borned at 1098 and died at 1179. -
1135
Leonin
He is credited with the creation of Magnus liber organi, the great book of organa. It is not preserved in its original form, but various copies have survived in manuscripts. -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably the best-known troubadour of the style called trobar leu. Born at 1135, Moustier-Ventadour, France, at died at 1194 (age 59 years), Sainte-Trie, France. -
1160
Perotin
Perotín, called in French Pérotin le Grand or in Latin Magister Perotinus Magnus, was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. Considered the most important composer of the School of Notre Dame of Paris, in which the polyphonic style began to take shape. -
1221
Alfonso X the Wise
He is considered the founder of Castilian prose and it was, precisely in his time, when Castilian became the official language of the kingdom, leaving Latin in the background. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Is a medieval French poet and composer, he is historically the greatest representative of the movement known as Ars nova. -
1320
Ars Nova
Music history, period of the tremendous flowering of music in the 14th century, particularly in France.Compositions in the Ars Nova style generally had more complex rhythms. -
1322
Ars Antiqua
Singing for two or three voices of a contrapuntal nature. It has the peculiarity that each independent voice has a different text and a different rhythm, making it a very lively and contrasting music. -
1335
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. One of the most revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, he was by far the most famous composer in Italy. His most famous works were: Ale' s'andra lo spirto, Ecco la primavera… -
1347
Black Death
It was the most devastating bubonic plague pandemic in human history, affecting Eurasia and North Africa in the 14th century. -
1400
Johannes Guterberg
Inventor of the modern printing press with movable type and it is a system that would develop knowledge in Europe. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance
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1440
The invention of the printing press
The invention of the printing press is attributed to the German, Johannes Gutenberg in the year 1440. Gutenberg is considered “the father of the printing press”, after years trying to compete for the title among the French, Italians, Dutch and Germans. -
1468
Juan del Encina
Juan del Encina was a musician, poet and playwright of the Spanish Pre-Renaissance, who is considered one of the great creators of lithics and Christmas carols. -
1483
Martín Lutero
He published his criticism against the Catholic Church and its center of power in Rome that launched the Reformation, he was an Augustinian Catholic theologian, philosopher and friar. -
1485
Birth of Venus
Is a painting made by the Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, one of the masterpieces of the Florentine master and the Italian Quattrocento. -
1492
discovery of america
Christopher Columbus arrived in what we know today as America when he encountered the Antilles and landed on the island of Guanahaní, which he named San Salvador (later he arrived in the current territories of Santo Domingo and Cuba). -
Sep 12, 1492
the encounter with the American continent
In this way, on October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived in what we know today as America when he encountered the Antilles and landed on the island of Guanahaní, which he named San Salvador (later he arrived in the current territories of Santo Domingo and Cuba). -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales Spanish Catholic priest and chapelmaster, being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonist school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of the Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. The music works for keyboard, harp and vihuela. -
1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Most representative author of polyphonic works adjusted to the new demands of the Counter-Reformation. His works from those years stand out for the clarity achieved, leaving the melody in the hands of the upper voice and precisely adjusting the rhythm of the speech. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
He is considered the leader of the Roman school, in his time of musical maturity, as well as one of the most influential European musicians in the 16th century. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
1544
Maddelena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c. 1544-1590) was an Italian Renaissance composer, singer, and lutenist, recognized for being the first woman to publish art under her written name. -
1545
Counter-reformation
It emerged as a renewal within the Church, from the sessions of the Council of Trent held between 1545 and 1563. There the Catholic faith, the supremacy of the Pope and the ecclesiastical hierarchy were reaffirmed; The 7 sacraments, devotion to the saints and the Virgin are maintained. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Chapel teacher, organist and one of the most relevant Spanish composers of all time, he was a Catholic priest, chapel teacher and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that heralded the imminent Baroque. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
1566
Carlo de Gesualdo
Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music with a chromaticism that would not be heard again until the end of the 19th century. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
he was the most imaginative and innovative composer of his time; We owe him vocal and dramatic pieces, including sacred works and madrigals, in which the music fits perfectly with the text. -
Period: to
Baroque
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Giacomo Carissimi
He introduced the accompaniment of instrumental music to churches and was the first to introduce the cantata for religious themes. -
Barbara Strozzi
She was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During his lifetime, he published eight volumes of his own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. -
Political Decay
Within the framework of political development as institutional development, political decay occurs when institutions fail to change or adapt when they become unnecessary due to social or economic changes. -
Stradivarius
He manufactured almost 1,200 instruments throughout his more than 70 years of work, and they are distinguished by their very fine finishes, wood of extreme iridescent beauty and the label that mentions the year and place where they were built. -
Henry Purcell
He incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of baroque music. -
beethoven
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Antonio Vivaldi
He was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, businessman, teacher and Catholic priest. He composed more than 700 works for different instruments, including more than 400 violin concertos and 46 operas. -
George Philipp Telemann
He left a gigantic legacy of more than a thousand religious and innumerable secular cantatas, around fifteen hundred instrumental works, more than forty-five Passions and forty operas. He was possibly the most prolific composer of all time. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
He wrote operas, stage music, oratorios, serenades, odes and a large number of cantatas. One of his emblematic works is the anthem he composed for the coronation of the English King George II. Since then, it has been sung at every British coronation, including that of Elizabeth II. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
He was a great composer, but also a great player of the harpsichord, keyboard and organ. He played some instruments such as organ, harpsichord, harpsichord, violin and viola da gamba. -
Gluck
He was one of the most important composers of classicism and completely reformed the opera by eliminating the da capo arias, suppressing the extensive dry harpsichord recitatives and replacing them with recitatives accompanied by the orchestra, dispensing with the castrati and giving greater relevance to the plot of the works. -
Joseph Haydn
Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He established the basic forms of symphonic music and string quartet, which became the model and inspiration for the works of Mozart and of Beethoven, who studied under Haydn. Two great oratorios, The Creation (1798) and The Seasons (1801) were written later in his life. -
Period: to
Classicism
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W.A Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91) was an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music in several genres, including opera and symphony. His most famous compositions included the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 (1773), the operas (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787), and the Jupiter Symphony (1788). In all, Mozart composed more than 600 pieces of music. Today he is widely considered one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. -
Nannerl Mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia "Marianne" Mozart (30 July 1751 – 29 October 1829), often nicknamed Nannerl, was a highly regarded musician from Salzburg, Austria. He sent one of her compositions to her brother Mozart in 1770 and he responded in a letter with the words: “My dear sister! I am in awe that you can compose so well, in a word, the song you wrote is beautiful.” Sadly, none of her compositions and manuscripts have survived. -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis (May 15, 1759 – February 1, 1824) was an Austrian musician and composer who lost her sight at an early age, and for whom her close friend Mozart may have written his Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat major. She was also in contact with Salieri, Haydn, and Gluck. Is best known for the beguiling Sicilienne in E-flat major for violin and piano and adapted for many other instruments. Sicilienne is enormously popular. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. His talent for the piano was soon realized and he gave his first public performance at the age of eight. Beethoven's father wanted to promote him as the next child prodigy, another Mozart. His most famus work is called fur elise. -
Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert, conocido como Franz Schubert, fue un compositor austríaco de los principios del Romanticismo musical y, a la vez, continuador de la sonata clásica siguiendo el modelo de Ludwig van Beethoven. His most famous works are Schubert: Winterreise, D. 911: No. 24, Der Leiermann -
The end of the Napoleonic Empire
The end of the Napoleonic Empire was cemented with the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815. This battle took place in Belgium, where the combined forces of the Duke of Wellington (British) and Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher (Prussian) defeated Napoleon -
Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn, whose full name was Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, was a German composer, conductor and pianist of romantic music, a member of the same family as the pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. -
Chopin
was a Franco-Polish teacher, composer and virtuoso pianist, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical romanticism, who wrote mainly for solo piano. -
Schumann
was a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. Schumann left his law studies, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. -
Debussy
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the ter -
Rossini
was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber and piano music pieces, and some sacred music. -
Berlioz
Erlioz was born in France in La Côte-Saint-André, between Lyon and Grenoble. His father was a doctor (he was a fan of acupuncture) and sent young Hector in 1821 to Paris to study medicine. Berlioz was horrified by the dissection process and, despite his father's disapproval, abandoned his studies to study music. He attended the Paris Conservatory, where he studied composition and opera, being greatly impressed by the work and innovations of his teacher Jean-François Lesueur. -
The Restoration
The Restoration is the period in the history of Spain that passed between the two republics, from the beginning of the reign of Alfonso XII (1874) to the fall of Alfonso XIII (1931). It is the second time that the Bourbon dynasty was restored (replaced) on the throne of Spain, the first was with Ferdinand VII (1814). -
Arnold Schönberg
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist and painter of Jewish origin. Since he emigrated to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, and this is how he usually appears in English-language publications and around the world. -
Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a 20th century French composer. His work, frequently linked to Impressionism, also shows a bold neoclassical style and, at times, features of Expressionism, and is the fruit of a complex heritage and musical discoveries that revolutionized music for piano and orchestra. -
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all. the times -
Modest Músorgski
Modest Musorgsky was a Russian composer, member of the group "The Five". His works include the opera Boris Godunov, the symphonic poem A Night on Monte Pelado and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Mussorgsky was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period. -
Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who stood out as a composer, pianist and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. -
Joaquin Turina
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist representative of nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz and he composed the most important works of Impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Fantastic Dances and The Rocío Procession. -
Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Viennese-Romantic phase and then evolved into its main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex harmonies of the 20th century, shared with Béla Bartók -
Wagner
was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright and musical theorist of Romanticism. His operas stand out mainly in which, unlike other composers, he also took on the libretto and the stage design. -
Smetana
He was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that during the musician's lifetime was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that became closely linked to Czech nationalism. For this reason, he is recognized in his country as the father of Czech music. He is known internationally for his opera The Sold Bride and for the cycle of symphonic poems Má vlast that represent the history, legends and landscapes of the composer's native homeland. -
Listz
was an Austro-Hungarian romantic composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, piano teacher, arranger and lay Franciscan. His Hungarian name was Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc, and from 1859 to 1865 he was officially known as Franz Ritter von Liszt. -
Chaikovski
He was a Russian composer from the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous works of classical music in the current repertoire, such as the ballets Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, the fantasy-overture Romeo and Juliet, the First Piano Concerto, the Violin Concerto, his Fourth, Fifth and Sixth symphonies and the operas Eugene Onegin and The Queen of Spades. -
Clara Schumann
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert artists of the 19th century and her career was key in the dissemination of the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann. -
Brahms
He was a German composer, pianist and conductor of romanticism, considered the most classic of the composers of that period. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. -
Verdi
He was an Italian romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work serves as a bridge between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti, and the current of verismo and Puccini. -
Period: to
20TH CENTURY
Twentieth-century music was preceded by several late Romantic era developments, including impressionism and neoclassicism. In the 1900s, expressionism, serialism, modernism, electronic music, minimalism, experimental music, and chance music emerged and became intellectually based musical styles -
sinking of the titanic
The sinking of the RMS Titanic was a maritime disaster that occurred on the night of April 14 to 15, 1912, when the British liner RMS -
Hugo Wolf
was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin, who lived during the final years of the 19th century in Vienna. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes existing in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. -
Dvorak
Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-romantic composer from Bohemia – a territory then belonging to the Austrian Empire –, one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century. -
laws of physics
In 1905, Albert Einstein determined that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, and that the speed of light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all observers. This was the theory of special relativity -
Grieg
was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the main representatives of late Romanticism. He adapted many themes and songs from his country's folklore, thus contributing to creating a Norwegian national identity, just as Jean Sibelius did in Finland in Bohemia. His most important works are: the piano concerto in A minor, the intimate Lyrical Pieces and especially Peer Gynt, incidental music that he wrote at the request of the writer Henrik Ibsen for his drama of the same name. -
Rimski Korsakov
Nikolai Andreievich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, conductor and pedagogue, member of the group of composers known as The Five. -
Gustav Mahler
was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time. -
The First World War
The First World War, also previously called The Great War (before the Second World War), was a global military conflict. -
Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a visionary, creator of the concepts of music. that would govern cinema during the 20th century. -
George Gershwin
George Gershwin was an American musician, composer and pianist. He is popularly recognized for having managed to make a perfect amalgam between classical music and jazz, which is evident in his prodigious works. -
Philipp Glass
Philip Glass is an American minimalist classical music composer. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition increased since the appearance of his opera Einstein on the Beach And he still hasn't died. -
The origin of the European Union
The origin of the European Union dates back to May 9, 1950, when the French minister Robert Schuman asked Germany to put the Franco-German production of coal and steel under a common high authority. creating at the same time an organization open to the participation of other European countries. -
Sibelius
was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romanticism and early Modernism. He is widely recognized as his country's greatest composer and, through his music, is often credited with helping Finland develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father. -
the American Apollo 11 mission
On July 20, 1969, the American Apollo 11 mission placed the first humans on the Moon: Commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Edwin F. Aldrin. When the Eagle module landed in the Sea of Tranquility, the live images were followed on television by some 600 million people. -
Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and transcendental musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to discover a wide variety of musical trends. -
Messiaen
He was a French composer, organist, pedagogue and ornithologist, one of the most outstanding musicians of the entire century. Both his fascination with Hinduism and his admiration for nature and birds, his deep Christian faith and his love for instrumental color were essential to his formation as a person and artist. -
John Cage
John Milton Cage Jr., artistically John Cage, was an American composer, music theorist, artist and philosopher. A pioneer of aleatoric music, electronic music and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the figures principals of the postwar avant-garde. -
Pierre Schaeffer
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer. He is considered the creator of concrete music. He is the author of the book titled Treatise on Musical Objects, where he exposes his entire theory on this type of music. He composed different works, all of them based on the technique of concrete music. -
Pierre Henry
He was a French musician, considered the creator, along with Pierre Schaeffer, of the so-called concrete music and one of the godfathers of electroacoustic music.