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Hugo de Groot.
-In 1625 published his de Jure Belli ac Paris (On the Laws of War and Peace)
-The father of international law.
-He systematized international law
-He applied rules from treaties and the practice of States -
A new political order was created as a consequence of the Thirty-Year War, Westphalia was negotiated through two diplomatic congresses creating a new political order. "The peace was negotiated, from 1644 in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648." (Britannica, 2023)
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-Legal thinking shifted along with general political philosophy towards positivistic theories.
-The exclusion of natural law.
-That concentration on States and their practice as the basis of international law prevailed into the 20th Century. -
The term “international law” was created by Jeremy Bentham in 1789.
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Congress of Vienna in1815 established regular meetings of European States. For a “Long-term pace of Europe, after the Napoleonic wars”
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International Telegraph Union was created.
-Founded in Paris in 1865
.-ITU currently has a membership of 193 countries and some 700 private-sector entities. -
The first global international organization with general competence
-As a consequence of the World War 1. "To promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." (UN, 2023) -
Established in June 1945 as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN) “The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies” (ICJ, 2023)
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Officially began, on 24 October 1945 -As a consequence of World War II
-Originally had 51 Members States today nowadays has 192
-“75 years later, the United Nations is still working to maintain international peace and security, give humanitarian assistance to those in need, protect human rights, and uphold international law” (UN, 2023) -
Signed in December 1982.
-Codify international law regarding territorial water, sea lanes, and ocean resources (Churchill, 2023)