RDC active conflicts By Pablo José Pérez 1990 (Beginning of the Analysis) 1994 Rwandan Genocide - Serious Refugee crisis Period: Oct 7, 1996 to May 17, 1997 First Congo War Period: 1997 to 2020 Ituri Conflict May 17, 1997 Fall of Mubutu Sese Seko (Dictator of Zaire) : New Regime led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila Period: Aug 2, 1998 to Jul 18, 2003 Second Congo War Period: 2004 to 2020 Kivu Conflict 2005 Agreements of Lusaka and Treaty of Pretoria: Attempt to turn the RDC into a formal state Jul 30, 2006 First free elections since Independence: Victory of Joseph Kabila