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Americans were out of work because of the stock market crash. Black Tuesday caused 16 billion dollars, an astronomical sum for that time period. This was why Johnny and Mary-Alice were sent to Grandma's house each summer. This is also why Mary-Alice was sent for the school year.
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The timespan between Black Tuesday and December 7th, 1941. The time where the stock market crashed to the time where it started to regrow.
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The Committee for Unemployment Relief releases a report saying that four to five Americans were out of work, and that some of the Americans that still have a job are being underpayed. Mary-Alice's parents are being underpayed so money is tight and they cannot afford to keep Joey and Mary-Alice in Chicago. This is why they were sent to Grandma Dowdel'shouse down in the south.
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FDR was trying to reform the economy to create new jobs and getting people more money. This got Mary-Alice back to Chicago.
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FDR says "I see one third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, and ill-nourished." At the same time, Mary-Alice was sent to Gandma Dowdel's because of this reason. Her parents had lost their jobs so they moved into a "light housekeeping" room for a cheaper fee, but it was only big enought for the two of them.
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In June, the economic contraction begans to end, and the economy begans to recover from the Great Depression. At about that time, Mary-Alice received a letter from her parants stating that she could return home. Her dad had a new job and they had got a new apartment. This event has caused Mary-Alice to be able to return home to Chicago.
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The Geat Depression is over but WWII is raging. At this time, Joe is flying B-17 Fortress missions over germany and Mary-Alice was getting married to Royce McNabb at the same time.